Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 370

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

“Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work

Anthony, Callen, Bechky, Beth A., Fayard, Anne-Laure·2023·Organization Science
DOI 10.1287/orsc.2022.1651
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In the wake of media hype about artificial intelligence (AI)/human collaboration, organizations are investing considerable resources into developing and using AI. In this paper, we draw on theories of technology in organizations to frame new directions for the study of what it means to work “with” AI. Drawing on prior literature, we consider how interactions between users and AI might unfold through theoretical lenses which cast technology as a tool and as a medium. Reflecting on how AI technologies diverge from technologies studied in the past, we propose a new perspective, which considers technology as a counterpart in a system of work that includes its design, implementation, and use. This perspective encourages developing a grounded understanding of how AI intersects with work, and therefore ethnography, building on thick descriptions, is an apt approach. We argue that relational ethnographic approaches can assist organization theorists in navigating the methodological challenges of taking a counterpart perspective and propose several strategies for future research. Funding: The research was partially funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 951735.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1287/orsc.2022.1651

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 134

  1. 10.1108/S0277-283320190000033005 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1177/1094428118791018 · DOI
  3. 10.1177/00018392211016755 · DOI · Paper page
  4. 10.1007/978-94-009-2725-4_19 · DOI
  5. 10.2307/2393551 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.2307/2393937 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.5465/annals.2016.0041 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Barocas S, 2016, California Law Rev., 104, 671
  9. 10.1287/orsc.1090.0511 · DOI
  10. 10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.1.09 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1287/orsc.1100.0639 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1287/orsc.2015.1004 · DOI
  13. 10.1287/orsc.14.3.312.15162 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1086/379527 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1177/0001839219855329 · DOI
  16. 10.1177/0001839217726545 · DOI
  17. Bechky BA, Okhuysen GA (2011) Expecting the unexpected? How SWAT officers and film crews handle surprises. Acad. Management J . 54:422–459. · DOI · Paper page
  18. Bechky BA, 2016, Handbook of Qualitative Organizational Research: Innovative Pathways and Methods, 168
  19. 10.1002/smj.950 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb00490.x · DOI · Paper page
  21. Bloch M, 1977, Man (London), 12, 278
  22. 10.1207/s15327051hci1103_2 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Bødker S, 1987, Computers and Democracy: A Scandinavian Challenge, 251
  24. Brynjolfsson E, 2014, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies
  25. Buolamwini J, 2018, Proc. Machine Learn. Res., 81, 77
  26. 10.1146/annurev-soc-090820-020800 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1287/orsc.2021.1547 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1287/orsc.13.4.442.2953 · DOI
  30. 10.1086/696137 · DOI · Paper page
  31. 10.1007/s11186-020-09411-3 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Clarke A, 2015, Situational Analysis in Practice: Mapping Research with Grounded Theory, 84
  33. 10.1145/153571.163264 · DOI · Paper page
  34. 10.1287/orsc.1110.0737 · DOI
  35. 10.1108/S0733-558X20160000047013 · DOI
  36. Cohen LE, 2021, Organ. Sci. 33(5):1938–1963.
  37. Crawford K, 2013, Harvard Bus. Rev. Accessed December 2, 2022,
  38. Crosina E (2018) Start me up: On becoming an entrepreneur in a shared workspace. PhD dissertation, Boston College, Boston.
  39. Davenport TH, 2016, Only Humans Need Apply: Winners and Losers in the Age of Smart Machines
  40. 10.1007/s11186-014-9232-5 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1287/orsc.1070.0287 · DOI · Paper page
  42. 10.1287/orsc.3.2.179 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Dumit, 2012, Drugs for Life: Growing Health through Facts and Pharmaceuticals
  44. Elish MC, 2020, Repairing Innovation: A Study of Integrating AI in Clinical Care
  45. 10.2307/3556639 · DOI · Paper page
  46. 10.4324/9781315686103-10 · DOI
  47. 10.1177/1056492619841705 · DOI
  48. 10.1287/orsc.2013.0893 · DOI
  49. 10.1287/isre.2016.0623 · DOI
  50. Forsythe D, 2001, Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence
  51. Frank M, 2017, What to Do When Machines Do Everything: How to Get Ahead in a World of AI, Algorithms, Bots, and Big Data
  52. 10.1145/291224.291235 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Geertz C, 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays
  54. 10.1287/mnsc.48.11.1408.268 · DOI · Paper page
  55. 10.1287/orsc.1090.0446 · DOI · Paper page
  56. 10.1177/030631295025002002 · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.2307/2393756 · DOI · Paper page
  58. 10.5465/amr.2005.15281426 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Henderson A, 1991, Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems, 219
  60. Hess ED, 2017, Humility Is the New Smart: Rethinking Human Excellence in the Smart Machine Age
  61. 10.1037/10096-012 · DOI · Paper page
  62. 10.2307/2393451 · DOI · Paper page
  63. 10.1287/orsc.1100.0531 · DOI · Paper page
  64. 10.5465/amj.2015.0809 · DOI
  65. 10.4159/9780674039681 · DOI · Paper page
  66. 10.1177/1469540510366641 · DOI
  67. Kozinets RV, 2010, Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online
  68. Krackhardt D, 1992, Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action, 216
  69. Latour B, 1983, Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science, 141
  70. Latour B, 1987, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society
  71. Latour B, 1988, The Pasteurization of France
  72. Latour B, 1996, Aramis, or the Love of Technology
  73. 10.1093/oso/9780199256044.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Lebovitz S (2020) Artificial intelligence in practice. PhD dissertation, New York University, New York.
  75. Lebovitz S, 2022, Management Inform. Systems Quart. 45(3):1501–1526.
  76. 10.5465/amr.2008.34422017 · DOI
  77. 10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.3.04 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Leonardi PM, 2021, J. Management Stud., 51, 247
  79. 10.5465/amd.2015.0151 · DOI
  80. 10.2307/25148682 · DOI · Paper page
  81. 10.5465/amr.2018.0181 · DOI · Paper page
  82. MacKenzie DA, 1990, Inventing Accuracy: An Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance
  83. 10.5465/amj.2014.0061 · DOI
  84. 10.1353/tech.2010.0009 · DOI · Paper page
  85. 10.1177/00018392211008880 · DOI
  86. 10.5465/amj.2010.0787 · DOI
  87. 10.25300/MISQ/2014/38.3.09 · DOI
  88. McAfee A, 2017, Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future
  89. Meadows DH, 2008, Thinking in Systems: A Primer Paperback
  90. 10.1287/orsc.1060.0195 · DOI
  91. 10.1215/9780822384151 · DOI · Paper page
  92. 10.1145/153571.255960 · DOI · Paper page
  93. 10.1177/0306312707082969 · DOI · Paper page
  94. 10.5465/amj.2012.0201 · DOI · Paper page
  95. Norman DA, 1988, The Psychology of Everyday Things
  96. 10.5465/amj.2006.22798174 · DOI · Paper page
  97. O’Neil C, 2016, Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy
  98. 10.1177/0170840612473552 · DOI
  99. 10.5465/19416520903047533 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Orr JE, 1996, Talking About Machines: An Ethnography of a Modern Job
  101. Østerlund C, 2020, J. Assoc. Inform. Systems, 21
  102. Østerlund C, 2016, The Handbook of Qualitative Organizational Research: Innovative Pathways and Methods
  103. 10.1177/000312240106600306 · DOI
  104. 10.1287/orsc.2020.1377 · DOI
  105. 10.1086/230316 · DOI · Paper page
  106. 10.5465/amj.2014.0315 · DOI
  107. Riopelle K (2013) Being there: The power of technology-based methods in Jordan, B. ed. Advancing Ethnography in Corporate Environments (Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA), 38–55.
  108. 10.1080/1369118X.2019.1612933 · DOI
  109. 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0624 · DOI · Paper page
  110. 10.1016/j.aos.2011.11.005 · DOI · Paper page
  111. 10.5465/annals.2018.0121 · DOI · Paper page
  112. Simon HA, 1947, Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization
  113. 10.5465/amj.2012.0638 · DOI · Paper page
  114. 10.1287/orsc.2016.1050 · DOI
  115. 10.1177/030631289019003001 · DOI · Paper page
  116. Starr SB, 2014, Stanford Law Rev., 66, 803
  117. Suchman LA, 2007, Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions
  118. 10.1525/9780520915077 · DOI
  119. 10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 · DOI · Paper page
  120. 10.1287/orsc.1090.0435 · DOI · Paper page
  121. 10.1287/orsc.5.1.98 · DOI · Paper page
  122. 10.7208/chicago/9780226849638.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  123. Van Maanen J, 2020, The Routledge Companion to Anthropology and Business, 501, 10.4324/9781003052456-27 · DOI
  124. 10.1016/0048-7333(76)90028-7 · DOI · Paper page
  125. 10.1287/mnsc.32.7.791 · DOI · Paper page
  126. 10.7551/mitpress/2333.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  127. 10.4324/9780203452196 · DOI
  128. 10.4324/9781003052456-4 · DOI
  129. 10.2307/2393339 · DOI · Paper page
  130. Wilson HJ, 2018, Harvard Bus. Rev., 114
  131. Winner L, 1980, Daedalus, 109, 121
  132. 10.1287/orsc.1070.0307 · DOI · Paper page
  133. 10.2307/2393677 · DOI · Paper page
  134. 10.5465/amj.2006.20786073 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 370

Metadata

Authors
Anthony, C., Bechky, B. A., & Fayard, A.-L.
Venue
Organization Science
Publisher
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)
Published
2023-09
Volume
34
Issue
5
Pages
1672-1694
ISSN
  • 1047-7039 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-5455
DOI
10.1287/orsc.2022.1651
OpenAlex
W4313890705
Cited by
370
References
30
FWCI
161.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: “Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1287/orsc.2022.1651
The paper
Anthony, C., Bechky, B. A., & Fayard, A.-L. (2023). “Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work. Organization Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1651

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.