The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Lead is a confirmed neurotoxin, but questions remain about lead-associated intellectual deficits at blood lead levels < 10 μg/dL and whether lower exposures are, for a given change in exposure, associated with greater deficits. The objective of this study was to examine the association of intelligence test scores and blood lead concentration, especially for children who had maximal measured blood lead levels < 10 μg/dL. We examined data collected from 1,333 children who participated in seven international population-based longitudinal cohort studies, followed from birth or infancy until 5–10 years of age. The full-scale IQ score was the primary outcome measure. The geometric mean blood lead concentration of the children peaked at 17.8 μg/dL and declined to 9.4 μg/dL by 5–7 years of age; 244 (18%) children had a maximal blood lead concentration < 10 μg/dL, and 103 (8%) had a maximal blood lead concentration < 7.5 μg/dL. After adjustment for covariates, we found an inverse relationship between blood lead concentration and IQ score. Using a log-linear model, we found a 6.9 IQ point decrement [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.2–9.4] associated with an increase in concurrent blood lead levels from 2.4 to 30 μg/dL. The estimated IQ point decrements associated with an increase in blood lead from 2.4 to 10 μg/dL, 10 to 20 μg/dL, and 20 to 30 μg/dL were 3.9 (95% CI, 2.4–5.3), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2–2.6), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7–1.5), respectively. For a given increase in blood lead, the lead-associated intellectual decrement for children with a maximal blood lead level < 7.5 μg/dL was significantly greater than that observed for those with a maximal blood lead level ≥7.5 μg/dL (p = 0.015). We conclude that environmental lead exposure in children who have maximal blood lead levels < 7.5 μg/dL is associated with intellectual deficits.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Chandramouli, Ellis, and Emond (2009); Canfield et al. (2003); Lanphear et al. (2005); Nigg et al. (2010); and Wasserman et al. (1997) all document a significant correlation between lead levels less than 10 milograms per deciliter (ug/ml) during childhood and cognitive and behavioral outcomes including ADHD and hyperactivity.”
From Do Low Levels of Blood Lead Reduce Children's Future Test Scores? (2018) · cites this paper as Lanphear et al. (2005)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Littell, R. C. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,345
Regression Modeling Strategies
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 · Cited by 9,270
Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity
Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725153 · Cited by 7,297
Harrell (2015) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19425-7 · Cited by 6,878
Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment-21
Lansford, J. E., Odgers, C. L., Bradley, R. H., Godwin, J. W., Copeland, W., Rothenberg, W. A., & Dodge, K. A. (2022) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t86918-000 · Cited by 2,249
Intellectual Impairment in Children with Blood Lead Concentrations below 10 μg per Deciliter
Canfield, R. L., Henderson, C. R., Cory-Slechta, D. A., Cox, C., Jusko, T. A., & Lanphear, B. P. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022848 · Cited by 2,081
Self-citationLead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates
Lidsky, T. I., & Schneider, J. S. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg014 · Cited by 1,169
The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood
Needleman, H. L., Schell, A., Bellinger, D. C., Leviton, A., & Allred, E. N. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199001113220203 · Cited by 1,156
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 54 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., AlMazroa, M. A., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 · Cited by 11,805
The Lancet Commission on pollution and health
Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J. R., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Basu, N. (., Baldé, A. B., Bertollini, R., Bose-O'Reilly, S., Boufford, J. I., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32345-0 · Cited by 4,929
Self-citationChild development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries
Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Meeks Gardner, J., Lozoff, B., Wasserman, G. A., Pollitt, E., & Carter, J. A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60076-2 · Cited by 2,133
Self-citationDevelopmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals
Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69665-7 · Cited by 1,984
Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity
Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. J. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70278-3 · Cited by 1,886
Toxicological profile for lead
(2020) · doi:10.15620/cdc:95222 · Cited by 1,337
Engle, P. L., Black, M. M., Behrman, J. R., Cabral de Mello, M., Gertler, P. J., Kapiriri, L., Martorell, R., & Young, M. E. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60112-3 · Cited by 1,151
Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food
(CONTAM), E. P. O. C. I. T. F. C. (2010) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1570 · Cited by 1,173
Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review
Sanders, T., Liu, Y., Buchner, V., & Tchounwou, P. B. (2009) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh.2009.24.1.15 · Cited by 1,120
Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health
Hou, D., Jia, X., Wang, L., McGrath, S. P., Zhu, Y., Hu, Q., Zhao, F. J., Bank, M. S., O’Connor, D., & Nriagu, J. O. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adr5214 · Cited by 1,121
Early-life exposure to EDCs: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment
Braun, J. M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.186 · Cited by 965
Sharkey, P. T., & Faber, J. W. (2014) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043350 · Cited by 888
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alzheimer’s Disease
Kepp, K. P. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr300009x · Cited by 683
Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicity
Koehl, L., Harp, J. P., & Han, D. Y. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/840547 · Cited by 665
Very low lead exposures and children's neurodevelopment
Bellinger, D. C. (2008) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e3282f4f97b · Cited by 657
Self-citationCsavina, J., Field, J. P., Taylor, M. P., Gao, S., Landázuri, A. C., Betterton, E. A., & Sáez, A. E. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.013 · Cited by 644
Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9 · Cited by 580
Self-citationExposures to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children
Braun, J. M., Kahn, R. S., Froehlich, T., Auinger, P., & Lanphear, B. P. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9478 · Cited by 573
Self-citationElevated Blood Lead Levels of Children in Guiyu, an Electronic Waste Recycling Town in China
Huo, X., Peng, L., Xu, X., Zheng, L., Qiu, B., Qi, Z., Bao, Z., Han, D., & Piao, Z.-X. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9697 · Cited by 535
The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health
Landrigan, P. J., Raps, H., Cropper, M., Bald, C., Brunner, M., Canonizado, E. M., Charles, D., Chiles, T. C., Donohue, M. J., Enck, J., et al. (2023) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.4056 · Cited by 581
Exposure routes and health effects of heavy metals on children
Osman, M. A., Yang, F., & Massey, I. Y. (2019) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-019-00193-5 · Cited by 502
Blood Lead Concentrations < 10 μg/dL and Child Intelligence at 6 Years of Age
Jusko, T. A., Henderson, C., Lanphear, B. P., Cory‐Slechta, D. A., Parsons, P. J., & Canfield, R. L. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10424 · Cited by 503
Self-citationEnvironmental Burden of Disease in Europe: Assessing Nine Risk Factors in Six Countries
Hänninen, O., Knol, A. B., Jantunen, M. J., Lim, T.-A., Conrad, A., Rappolder, M., Carrer, P., Fanetti, A., Kim, R., Buekers, J., et al. (2014) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1206154 · Cited by 480
Wigle, D. T., Arbuckle, T. E., Turner, M. C., Bérubé, A., Yang, Q., Liu, S., & Krewski, D. R. (2008) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/10937400801921320 · Cited by 476
Wright, J. P., Dietrich, K. N., Ris, M. D., Hornung, R. W., Wessel, S. D., Lanphear, B. P., Ho, M., & Rae, M. N. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050101 · Cited by 467
Self-citationDecreased Brain Volume in Adults with Childhood Lead Exposure
Cecil, K. M., Brubaker, C. J., Adler, C. M., Dietrich, K. N., Altaye, M., Egelhoff, J. C., Wessel, S., Elangovan, I., Hornung, R., Jarvis, K., et al. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050112 · Cited by 458
Self-citationBoskabady, M., Marefati, N., Farkhondeh, T., Shakeri, F., Farshbaf, A., & Boskabady, M. H. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.013 · Cited by 480
Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: Evidence from experimental studies
Farina, M., da Rocha, J. B. T., & Aschner, M. (2011) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.019 · Cited by 472
Power, M. C., Adar, S. D., Yanosky, J. D., & Weuve, J. (2016) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.004 · Cited by 422
Association of Black Carbon with Cognition among Children in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Suglia, S. F., Gryparis, A., Wright, R. O., Schwartz, J. D., & Wright, R. J. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm308 · Cited by 405
Knowns and unknowns on burden of disease due to chemicals: a systematic review
Prüss-Ustün, A., Vickers, C., Haefliger, P., & Bertollini, R. (2011) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-10-9 · Cited by 397
Environmental pollutants and child health—A review of recent concerns
Vrijheid, M., Casas, M., Gascón, M., Valvi, D., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2016) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.001 · Cited by 402
Fetal Lead Exposure at Each Stage of Pregnancy as a Predictor of Infant Mental Development
Hu, H., Téllez‐Rojo, M. M., Bellinger, D. C., Smith, D. R., Ettinger, A. S., Lamadrid‐Figueroa, H., Schwartz, J. D., Schnaas, L., Mercado‐García, A., & Hernández‐Ávila, M. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9067 · Cited by 380
Self-citationA rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2μg/dL
Gilbert, S. G., & Weiss, B. (2006) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.008 · Cited by 367
Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern
Chen, A., Dietrich, K. N., Huo, X., & Ho, S. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452 · Cited by 362
Self-citationReuben, A., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., Broadbent, J. M., Harrington, H., Sugden, K., Houts, R., Ramrakha, S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1712 · Cited by 345
How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: A redox/methylation hypothesis
Deth, R., Muratore, C., Benzecry, J., Power-Charnitsky, V.-A., & Waly, M. (2008) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.010 · Cited by 325
Mercury Toxicity and Neurodegenerative Effects
Carocci, A., Rovito, N., Sinicropi, M. S., & Genchi, G. (2013) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_1 · Cited by 334
Axelrad, D. A., Bellinger, D. C., RYAN, L. M., & Woodruff, T. J. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9303 · Cited by 333
Self-citationGould, E. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0800408 · Cited by 319
Neuropsychological function in children with blood lead levels <10μg/dL
Surkan, P. J., Zhang, A., Trachtenberg, F. L., DANIEL, D., McKinlay, S. M., & Bellinger, D. C. (2007) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.07.007 · Cited by 324
Self-citationEnvironmental Epigenetics and Its Implication on Disease Risk and Health Outcomes
Ho, S., Johnson, A. D., Tarapore, P., Janakiram, V., Zhang, X., & Leung, Y. (2012) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.289 · Cited by 327
Tin and germanium monochalcogenide IV–VI semiconductor nanocrystals for use in solar cells
Antunez, P. D., Buckley, J. J., & Brutchey, R. L. (2011) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c1nr10084j · Cited by 310
Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review
Sears, M. (2013) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2013/219840 · Cited by 308
Reduced Intellectual Development in Children with Prenatal Lead Exposure
Schnaas, L., Rothenberg, S. J., Flores, M.-F., Martı́nez, S., Hernandez, C., Osorio, E., Ruiz‐Velasco, S., & Perroni, E. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8552 · Cited by 312
Self-citationPrevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity
Lanphear, B. P., Lowry, J. A., Ahdoot, S., Baum, C. R., Bernstein, A. S., Bole, A., Brumberg, H. L., Campbell, C. C., Lanphear, B. P., Pacheco, S. E., et al. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1493 · Cited by 320
Self-citationGlobal approach to reducing lead exposure and poisoning
MEYER, P., BROWN, M., & FALK, H. (2008) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.03.003 · Cited by 296
Nigg, J. T., Knottnerus, G. M., Martel, M. M., Nikolas, M. A., CAVANAGH, K. T., Karmaus, W., & Rappley, M. D. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.013 · Cited by 295
Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals: Interpreting Upstream Biomarkers of Adverse Outcomes
Miller, M. D., Crofton, K. M., Rice, D. C., & Zoeller, R. T. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0800247 · Cited by 289
Rebelo, F. M., & Caldas, E. D. (2016) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.027 · Cited by 279
Influence of Prenatal Lead Exposure on Genomic Methylation of Cord Blood DNA
Pilsner, J. R., Hu, H., Ettinger, A., Sánchez, B. N., Wright, R. O., Cantonwine, D., Lazarus, A., Lamadrid-Figueroa, H., Mercado-García, A., Téllez-Rojo, M. M., et al. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0800497 · Cited by 275
Zheng, L., Wu, K., Li, Y., Qi, Z., Han, D., Zhang, B., Gu, C., Chen, G., Liu, J., Chen, S., et al. (2008) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002 · Cited by 282
Lead and PCBs as Risk Factors for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Eubig, P. A., Aguiar, A., & Schantz, S. L. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901852 · Cited by 277
Mines: The local wealth and health effects of mineral mining in developing countries
von der Goltz, J., & Barnwal, P. (2018) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.05.005 · Cited by 266
O’Connor, D., Hou, D., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Ok, Y. S., Song, Y., Coulon, F., Peng, T., & Tian, L. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.052 · Cited by 283
A Biomonitoring Study of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Blood of New York City Adults
McKelvey, W. F., Gwynn, R. C., Jeffery, N. L., Kass, D. E., Thorpe, L. E., Garg, R. K., Palmer, C. D., & Parsons, P. J. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10056 · Cited by 265
Jacobsson, T. J., Pazoki, M., Hagfeldt, A., & Edvinsson, T. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06436 · Cited by 260
Cheroni, C., Caporale, N., & Testa, G. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-020-00370-1 · Cited by 290
Téllez‐Rojo, M. M., Bellinger, D. C., Arroyo‐Quiroz, C., Lamadrid‐Figueroa, H., Mercado‐García, A., Schnaas-Arrieta, L., Wright, R. O., Hernández‐Ávila, M., & Hu, H. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3123 · Cited by 254
Self-citationZheng, J., Chen, K.-H., Yan, X., Chen, S.-J., Hu, G.-C., Peng, X.-W., Yuan, J.-G., Mai, B.-X., & Yang, Z.-Y. (2013) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.017 · Cited by 250
Trends in Blood Lead Levels and Blood Lead Testing Among US Children Aged 1 to 5 Years, 1988–2004
Jones, R. L., Homa, D. M., Meyer, P. A., Brody, D. J., Caldwell, K. L., Pirkle, J. L., & Brown, M. J. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3608 · Cited by 312
The Relationship between Early Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Performance on End of Grade Tests
Miranda, M. L., Kim, D., Galeano, M. A. O., Paul, C. J., Hull, A. P., & Morgan, S. P. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9994 · Cited by 256
Developmental PBDE Exposure and IQ/ADHD in Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Lam, J., Lanphear, B. P., Bellinger, D. C., Axelrad, D. A., McPartland, J., Sutton, P., Davidson, L., Daniels, N., Sen, Ś., & Woodruff, T. J. (2017) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp1632 · Cited by 250
Self-citationDooyema, C., Neri, A., Lo, Y., Durant, J. T., Dargan, P. I., Swarthout, T. D., Biya, O., Gidado, S., Haladu, S., Sani-Gwarzo, N., et al. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1103965 · Cited by 247
Zahran, S., Laidlaw, M. A. S., McElmurry, S. P., Filippelli, G. M., & Taylor, M. P. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es303854c · Cited by 242
Association of tobacco and lead exposures with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Froehlich, T. E., Lanphear, B. P., Auinger, P., Hornung, R., Epstein, J. N., Braun, J., & Kahn, R. S. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0738 · Cited by 234
Self-citationAssociations of Early Childhood Manganese and Lead Coexposure with Neurodevelopment
Henn, B. C., Schnaas, L., Ettinger, A. S., Schwartz, J. D., Lamadrid‐Figueroa, H., Hernández‐Ávila, M., Amarasiriwardena, C. J., Hu, H., Bellinger, D. C., Wright, R. O., et al. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1003300 · Cited by 236
Self-citationMass Lead Intoxication from Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Recycling in Dakar, Senegal
Haefliger, P., Mathieu-Nolf, M., Lociciro, S., Ndiaye, C., Coly, M., Diouf, A., Lam, A., Sow, A., Tempowski, J., Pronczuk, J., et al. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0900696 · Cited by 236
Rauh, V., & Margolis, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12537 · Cited by 243
The physical environment and child development: An international review
Ferguson, K. T., Cassells, R. C., MacAllister, J. W., & Evans, G. W. (2013) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207594.2013.804190 · Cited by 257
Mechanisms of lead and manganese neurotoxicity
Neal, A. P., & Guilarte, T. R. (2013) · Toxicology Research · doi:10.1039/c2tx20064c · Cited by 211
Ali, M. U., Liu, G., Yousaf, B., Abbas, Q., Ullah, H., Munir, M. A. M., & Fu, B. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.061 · Cited by 222
Larsen, B., & Sánchez-Triana, E. (2023) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00166-3 · Cited by 229
Evolution of DOHaD: the impact of environmental health sciences
Haugen, A. C., Schug, T. T., Collman, G. W., & Heindel, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174414000580 · Cited by 224
Maternal Low-Level Lead Exposure and Fetal Growth
Zhu, M., Fitzgerald, E. F., Gelberg, K. H., Lin, S., & Druschel, C. M. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901561 · Cited by 214
Mazumdar, M., Bellinger, D. C., Gregas, M. C., Abanilla, K., Bacic, J. D., & Needleman, H. L. (2011) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-10-24 · Cited by 218
Self-citationXia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R. A., Zhang, M., Mei, K., & Huang, H. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.090 · Cited by 210
Prenatal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals and Children’s Neurodevelopment: An Update
Bellinger, D. C. (2013) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.5491/shaw.2013.4.1.1 · Cited by 219
Self-citationEffects of Prenatal Exposure to Coal-Burning Pollutants on Children’s Development in China
Tang, D. L., Li, T.-Y., Liu, J. J., Zhou, Z., Yuan, T., Chen, Y., Rauh, V., Xie, J., & Perera, F. P. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10471 · Cited by 211
Economic Costs of Childhood Lead Exposure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Attinà, T. M., & Trasande, L. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1206424 · Cited by 205
Rai, A., Maurya, S. K., Khare, P., Srivastava, A., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2010) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq266 · Cited by 201
Molecular Neurobiology of Lead (Pb2+): Effects on Synaptic Function
Neal, A. P., & Guilarte, T. R. (2010) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-010-8146-0 · Cited by 204
Nigg, J. T., Nikolas, M. A., Knottnerus, G. M., CAVANAGH, K. T., & Friderici, K. H. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02135.x · Cited by 202
Rocha, A., & Trujillo, K. A. (2019) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.021 · Cited by 206
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates and infant neurobehavior
Yolton, K. A., Xu, Y. Y., Strauss, D., Altaye, M., Calafat, A. M., & Khoury, J. C. (2011) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2011.08.003 · Cited by 199
Self-citationRudge, C. V. C., Röllin, H. B., Nogueira, C. M. C. A., Thomassen, Y., Rudge, M. V. C., & Odland, J. Ø. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b903805a · Cited by 190
Bellinger, D. C. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104170 · Cited by 197
Self-citationBoisa, N., Elom, N. I., Dean, J. R., Deary, M. E., Bird, G., & Entwistle, J. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.021 · Cited by 190
Bi, X., Li, Z., Wang, S.-X., Zhang, L., Xu, R., Liu, J., Yang, H.-M., & Guo, M.-Z. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b04119 · Cited by 188
Co-exposure to environmental lead and manganese affects the intelligence of school-aged children
Kim, Y., Kim, B.-N., Hong, Y., Shin, M., Yoo, H., Kim, J.-W., Bhang, S., & Cho, S.-C. (2009) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.03.012 · Cited by 191
The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain
Lanphear, B. P. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114413 · Cited by 199
Self-citationAn Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning
Hauptman, M., Bruccoleri, R., & Woolf, A. D. (2017) · Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2017.07.010 · Cited by 196
A cross-sectional study of well water arsenic and child IQ in Maine schoolchildren
Wasserman, G. A., Liu, X., LoIacono, N. J., Kline, J., Factor-Litvak, P., van Geen, A., Mey, J. L., Levy, D., Abramson, R., Schwartz, A., et al. (2014) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-13-23 · Cited by 181
Self-citationBlood lead levels and specific attention effects in young children
Chiodo, L. M., Covington, C. Y., Sokol, R. J., Hannigan, J. H., Jannise, J., Ager, J. W., Greenwald, M. K., & Delaney‐Black, V. (2007) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2007.04.001 · Cited by 185
Environmental Hazards: Evidence for Effects on Child Health
Wigle, D. T., Arbuckle, T. E., WALKER, M. C., Wade, M. G., Liu, S., & Krewski, D. R. (2007) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/10937400601034563 · Cited by 186
Dietert, R. R., & Piepenbrink, M. S. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440500534297 · Cited by 180
Monitoring and Reducing Exposure of Infants to Pollutants in House Dust
Roberts, J. W., Wallace, L. A., Camann, D., Dickey, P., Gilbert, S. G., Lewis, R. G., & Takaro, T. K. (2009) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0032-6_1 · Cited by 186
Skogheim, T. S., Weyde, K. V. F., Engel, S. M., Aase, H., Surén, P., Øie, M. G., Biele, G., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Caspersen, I. H., Hornig, M., et al. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106468 · Cited by 184
Ray, P. D., Yosim, A. E., & Fry, R. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00201 · Cited by 181
Perinatal lead and mercury exposure in Austria
Gundacker, C., Fröhlich, S., Graf‐Rohrmeister, K., Eibenberger, B., Jessenig, V., Gicic, D., Prinz, S., Wittmann, K. J., Zeisler, H., Vallant, B., et al. (2010) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.079 · Cited by 176
Metadata
- Authors
- Lanphear, B. P., Hornung, R., Khoury, J., Yolton, K., Baghurst, P., Bellinger, D. C., Canfield, R. L., Dietrich, K. N., Bornschein, R., Greene, T., Rothenberg, S. J., Needleman, H. L., Schnaas, L., Wasserman, G., Graziano, J., & Roberts, R.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Women's and Children's Hospital (AU)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (MX)
- Columbia University (US)
- Griffith University (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-03-18
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 894-899
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC1257652
- OpenAlex
- W2126489758
- Cited by
- 2,205
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 132 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 128 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 111
- FWCI
- 49.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Keywords
- lead exposure, blood lead levels, child intelligence, IQ, neurotoxicity, low-level lead exposure, dose-response relationship, children, environmental lead
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Lead, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Cohort Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
