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Shortened Telomere Length Is Associated with Increased Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Telomeres play a key role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and telomere shortening is involved in initiation and progression of malignancies. A series of epidemiological studies have examined the association between shortened telomeres and risk of cancers, but the findings remain conflicting. METHODS: A dataset composed of 11,255 cases and 13,101 controls from 21 publications was included in a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between overall cancer risk or cancer-specific risk and the relative telomere length. Heterogeneity among studies and their publication bias were further assessed by the χ(2)-based Q statistic test and Egger's test, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that shorter telomeres were significantly associated with cancer risk (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.14-1.60), compared with longer telomeres. In the stratified analysis by tumor type, the association remained significant in subgroups of bladder cancer (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.38-2.44), lung cancer (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.18-4.88), smoking-related cancers (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.83-2.78), cancers in the digestive system (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.53-1.87) and the urogenital system (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.12-2.67). Furthermore, the results also indicated that the association between the relative telomere length and overall cancer risk was statistically significant in studies of Caucasian subjects, Asian subjects, retrospective designs, hospital-based controls and smaller sample sizes. Funnel plot and Egger's test suggested that there was no publication bias in the current meta-analysis (P = 0.532). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the presence of shortened telomeres may be a marker for susceptibility to human cancer, but single larger, well-design prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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“Inter-individual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases.”
From Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
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BackgroundTelomerase and Telomeres in Endometrial Cancer
Alnafakh, R., Adishesh, M., Button, L., Saretzki, G. C., & Hapangama, D. K. (2019) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00344 · Cited by 35
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“Prospective studies have shown that shorter telomere length is a predictor of coronary heart disease [3], cancer [4], progression”
BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and its association with child telomere length
McAninch, D., Bianco‐Miotto, T., Gatford, K. L., Leemaqz, S., Andraweera, P. H., Garrett, A. J., Plummer, M. D., Dekker, G., Roberts, C. T., Smithers, L. G., et al. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05242-0 · Cited by 33
“Shorter telomeres are a marker of the cumulative damage to which the cell has been exposed [5] and, in adults, is associated with diabetes [6], cancer [7], cardiovascular disease [8] and all-cause mortality [9].”
BackgroundGao, Y., Wei, Y., Zhou, X., Huang, S., Zhao, H., & Zeng, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.583106 · Cited by 33
Germ Cell Drivers: Transmission of Preconception Stress Across Generations
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Exercise, telomeres, and cancer: ‘the exercise‐telomere hypothesis
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“Furthermore, Ma et al. (2011) performed a meta-analysis and reported that, although shortened TL are associated with increase risk of bladder and lung cancer, this association was not found for breast cancer.”
MethodProtsenko, E., Rehkopf, D. H., Prather, A. A., Epel, E. S., & Lin, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240185 · Cited by 29
The Association of Telomere Length with Colorectal Cancer Differs by the Age of Cancer Onset
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“Previous research has shown that the depletion of constitutional telomere structure end sequences is associated with an increased risk for some cancers, including head and neck, urinary bladder, renal,(10) lung,(11) esophageal,(12) and colorectal cancers.(5,6,17) This work has also suggested that the association betwe…”
BackgroundRaschenberger, J., Kollerits, B., Hammerer‐Lercher, A., Rantner, B., Stadler, M., Haun, M., Klein-Weigel, P. F., Fraedrich, G., & Kronenberg, F. (2013) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.027 · Cited by 31
“Telomere attrition was described to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) [21,28,29] as well as other chronic diseases such as cancer [30,31].”
BackgroundTelomere length and risk of glioma
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“On the other hand, it is also well understood that critically short telomeres lead to chromosomal instability, which can cause tumorigenesis (32, 33, 36).”
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“Telomeres play a key role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and shortened telomere length is associated with increased risk of cancer [23].”
BackgroundTERT Polymorphism rs2853669 Influences on Lung Cancer Risk in the Korean Population
Yoo, S. S., Do, S. K., Choi, J. E., Lee, S. Y., Lee, J., Ick, S., Kim, C. H., & Park, J. Y. (2015) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2015.30.10.1423 · Cited by 29
“A number of studies have also reported that short telomeres are associated with development of lung cancer (8-10).”
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“All statistical methods were described elsewhere for association analysis (6) and for meta-analysis (8).”
MethodResultSelf-citationHIV Infection Is Associated with Shortened Telomere Length in Ugandans with Suspected Tuberculosis
Auld, E., Lin, J., Chang, E. G., Byanyima, P., Ayakaka, I., Musisi, E., Worodria, W. O., Davis, J. L., Segal, M. R., Blackburn, E. H., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163153 · Cited by 30
“[23, 24] Short telomeres are also associated with age-associated pulmonary HIV Infection Is Associated with Shortened Telomere”
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Self-citationTelomere Length Calibration from qPCR Measurement: Limitations of Current Method
Wang, Y., Savage, S. A., Alsaggaf, R., Aubert, G., Dagnall, C. L., Spellman, S. R., Lee, S. J., Hicks, B. D., Jones, K. M., Katki, H. A., et al. (2018) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells7110183 · Cited by 29
The Long and Short of Telomeres and Cancer Association Studies
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“60) in a meta-analysis of 21 published studies (3).”
BackgroundMethodResultCommentary: The evolutionary biology of the paternal age effect on telomere length
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“Thus, telomere length is an important indicator of tumor progression and survival in cancer patients [70,93].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Sturgis, E. M., Dahlstrom, K. R., Wen, J., Liu, H., Wei, Q., Li, G., & Liu, Z. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0881 · Cited by 28
“For example, telomere shortening has been associated with risk of cancers of the head and neck, lung, skin, bladder, ovaries, and pancreas (16, 20-24), whereas longer”
Self-citationTelomeres and telomere dynamics: relevance to cancers of the GI tract
Basu, N., Skinner, H. G., Litzelman, K., Vanderboom, R. J., Baichoo, E., & Boardman, L. A. (2013) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/17474124.2013.848790 · Cited by 29
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“These results are similar to other reports suggesting that shortening of the telomeres may be a risk factor of lung cancer [10,12,25,26].”
BackgroundResultBimodal Age Distribution in Cancer Incidence
Desai, S., & Guddati, A. K. (2022) · World Journal of Oncology · doi:10.14740/wjon1424 · Cited by 28
“The relationship between telomere length and cancer has been long speculated and while many studies including meta-analyses point to some evidence of shortened length as a risk factor for cancer, the results are conflicting across studies [26-28].”
ResultRelative Telomere Length and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Koriath, M., Müller, C., Pfeiffer, N., Nickels, S., Beutel, M. E., Schmidtmann, I. M., Rapp, S., Münzel, T. F., Westermann, D., Karakas, M., et al. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9050192 · Cited by 27
Telomere Length Is Shorter in Affected Members of Families with Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
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“Dysregulated telomere length maintenance plays an important role in genomic stability, since shortened telomere length and increased telomerase activity result in facilitating malignant transformation (15,16).”
Beach, S. R. H., Lei, M., Brody, G. H., Yu, T., & Philibert, R. A. (2014) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000039 · Cited by 27
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“Meta-analyses also associate shorter telomeres cross-sectionally with cancer [13, 14] and type 2 diabetes [15].”
BackgroundIn utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and telomere length at birth
Michels, K. B., Vivo, I. D., Calafat, A. M., & Binder, A. M. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.109053 · Cited by 27
“Indeed, telomere length has been established as a biomarker of numerous chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (Ma et al., 2011) (Wentzensen et al., 2011).”
BackgroundYeates, A. J., Thurston, S. W., Li, H., Mulhern, M. S., McSorley, E. M., Watson, G. E., Shamlaye, C. F., Strain, J., MYERS, G. J., Davidson, P. W., et al. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.117.253021 · Cited by 26
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“The majority of population-based studies have noted an inverse association between cancer risk over time and leukocyte telomere length when measured directly through standard methodologies.[3, 4] However, data from genome wide association studies suggest that longer telomere length may also confer risk for a number of…”
BackgroundLiang, X., Aouizerat, B. E., So‐Armah, K., Cohen, M. H., Marconi, V. C., Xu, K., & Justice, A. C. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14174 · Cited by 26
“Furthermore, different biological pathways, including hormone metabolism, tobacco carcinogen metabolism, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, may interact with telomere length, leading to differential impacts on cancer susceptibility (Ma et al., 2011).”
Telomere Length and Genetic Anticipation in Lynch Syndrome
Seguí, N., Pineda, M., Guinó, E., Borràs, E., Navarro, M., Bellido, F., Moreno, V. R., Lázaro, C., Blanco, I., Capellá, G., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061286 · Cited by 25
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Telomeres and endocrine dysfunction of the adrenal and GH / IGF ‐1 axes
Aulinas, A., Barahona, M. J., Barahona, M. J., Mato, E., Bell, O. L., Surrallés, J., & Webb, S. M. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12310 · Cited by 26
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“To date, the hypothesis that telomere shortening contributes to tumor development remains conflicting (Ma et al., 2011).”
BackgroundTo‐Miles, F., Håkansson, C., Wagman, P., & Backman, C. L. (2021) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24732 · Cited by 24
“Exclusion criteria were cancer in the last five years; current smoking status (defined as smoking >100 cigarettes in one’s lifetime and smoked >one cigarette during the past 30 days), because cancer and smoking affect telomere biology (23, 24); and long-term neurological conditions (e.”
BackgroundFriedenreich, C. M., Wang, Q., Ting, N. S. Y., Brenner, D. R., Conroy, S. M., McIntyre, J. B., Mickle, A. T., Courneya, K. S., & Beattie, T. L. (2018) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2018.07.012 · Cited by 23
Song, L., Liu, B., Zhang, L., Wu, M., Wang, L., Cao, Z., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Xu, S. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.042 · Cited by 24
Testing three hypotheses about effects of sensitive–insensitive parenting on telomeres.
Beijers, R., Hartman, S., Shalev, I., Hastings, W. J., Mattern, B. C., de Weerth, C., & Belsky, J. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000879 · Cited by 27
Kim, E. S., Ye, Y., Vaporciyan, A. A., Xing, J., Huang, M., Gu, J. H., Roth, J. A., Lippman, S. M., & Wu, X. (2014) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0000000000000398 · Cited by 22
Relationship Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Personality Traits in Healthy Subjects
Sadahiro, R., Suzuki, A., Enokido, M., Matsumoto, Y., Shibuya, N., Kamata, M., Goto, K., & Otani, K. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.03.003 · Cited by 23
“Prospective studies have shown that shorter telomere length is a predictor of coronary heart disease [4], cancer [22,36], progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes [16], dementia in post-stroke patients [23], and mortality [6,13].”
Antonini, J. M., Kodali, V., Meighan, T. G., Roach, K. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., Boyce, G. R., Zeidler-Erdely, P. C., Kashon, M. L., Erdely, A., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38192-0 · Cited by 24
Telomeres and Telomerase in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Ventura, A., Pellegrini, C., Cardelli, L., Rocco, T., Ciciarelli, V., Peris, K., & Fargnoli, M. C. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20061333 · Cited by 23
“The relation between shortened telomere length and cancer has been investigated in several studies [45].”
BackgroundTelomere length and LINE1 methylation is associated with chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood
Li, H., Hilmarsen, H. T., Hossain, M. B., Björk, J., Hansteen, I., Albin, M. C., Skjelbred, C. F., & Bröberg, K. (2012) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.22000 · Cited by 22
“, 2008) and meta studies show that the presence of shortened telomeres is a marker for susceptibility to human cancer, but for which cancer types is not clearly established (Ma et al., 2011; Wentzensen et al., 2011).”
BackgroundÖztaş, E., Kara, H., Kara, Z. P., Aydogan, M. U., Uras, C., & Özhan, G. (2016) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1089/gtmb.2015.0339 · Cited by 24
“In a meta-analysis conducted by Ma et al. (2011), it showed significant associations between shorter telomeres and overall cancer risk.”
Rej, P. H., Gravlee, C. C., & Mulligan, C. J. (2019) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23375 · Cited by 21
“…diseases, immunosuppression, and early death (Al Khaldi, Mojiminiyi, AlMulla, & Abdella, 2015; Armanios et al., 2009; Carulli & Anzivino, 2014; Cawthon, Smith, O'Brien, Sivatchenko, & Kerber, 2003; D'Mello et al., 2014; Epel, Merkin, & Cawthon, 2008; Ma et al., 2011; Serrano & Andrés, 2004).”
Genetic architecture and heritability of early‐life telomere length in a wild passerine
Pepke, M. L., Kvalnes, T., Lundregan, S. L., Boner, W., Monaghan, P., Sæther, B., Jensen, H., & Ringsby, T. H. (2021) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16288 · Cited by 21
Jung, J., McCartney, D. L., Wagner, J., Rosoff, D. B., Schwandt, M. L., Sun, H., Wiers, C. E., de Carvalho, L. M., Volkow, N. D., Walker, R. M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01624-5 · Cited by 23
Pearce, M. S., Mann, K. D., Martin-Ruiz, C. M., Parker, L., White, M. J., von Zglinicki, T., & Adams, J. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040116 · Cited by 21
“Telomere length has been reported to be associated with longevity and risk of a number of age-related diseases, including associations with cardiovascular disease [1–3], type 2 diabetes mellitus [4], vascular [5] and Alzheimer’s dementia [6–7] and solid tissue tumours [8].”
BackgroundPrognostic role of telomere length in malignancies: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Adam, R., Díez-González, L., Ocaña, A., Šeruga, B., Amir, E., & Templeton, A. J. (2017) · Experimental and Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.010 · Cited by 21
Rej, P. H., Tennyson, R. L., Lee, N. R., & Eisenberg, D. T. A. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.019 · Cited by 21
Cellular aging and telomere dynamics in pregnancy
Panelli, D. M., & Bianco, K. (2021) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000765 · Cited by 20
Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere lengths from long reads
Stephens, Z. D., Ferrer, A., Boardman, L., Iyer, R. K., & Kocher, J. (2022) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac005 · Cited by 20
Genetically determined telomere length and multiple myeloma risk and outcome
Giaccherini, M., Macauda, A., Orciuolo, E., Rymko, M., Gruenpeter, K., Dumontet, C., Raźny, M., Moreno, V. R., Buda, G., Beider, K., et al. (2021) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00462-y · Cited by 20
Yang, X., Li, Z., Yang, L., Han, L., Yu, H., Liao, Z., Zhou, F., Xie, C., & Zhou, Y. (2015) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-015-1911-8 · Cited by 19
“Previous researches showed that telomeres play crucial roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and shortened telomere length could increase the risk of cancer (Ma et al. 2011).”
BackgroundIs Leukocyte Telomere Length Related with Lung Cancer Risk?: A Meta-Analysis
Karimi, B., Yunesian, M., Nabizadeh, R., Mehdipour, P., & Aghaie, A. (2017) · Iranian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.3.142 · Cited by 18
“[11] reported that the risk of lung cancer was related to short telomere length in both younger people and those above 61 years; however, there was a stronger relationship in the younger age population [35] .”
BackgroundGhosh, M., Janssen, L., Martens, D. S., Öner, D., Vlaanderen, J. J., Pronk, A., Kuijpers, E., Vermeulen, R. C. H., Nawrot, T. S., Godderis, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122569 · Cited by 18
Rolles, B., Tometten, M., Meyer, R., Kirschner, M., Beier, F., & Brümmendorf, T. H. (2024) · Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000540109 · Cited by 18
Zhang, Y., Calado, R. T., Rao, M., Hong, J. A., Meeker, A. K., Dumitriu, B., Atay, S. M., McCormick, P. J., Garfield, S. H., Wangsa, D., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101010 · Cited by 18
“Several recent studies suggest that leukocyte telomere length is an indicator of total body aging, and that decreased leukocyte telomere length coincides with predisposition to cancer [64,65].”
BackgroundNiedzwiedz, C. L., Katikireddi, S. V., Pell, J. P., & Smıth, D. J. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afz071 · Cited by 18
“Meta-analyses demonstrate that shorter telomeres are associated with a range of health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease [9], psychiatric disorders [10], and cancer [11].”
BackgroundImran, S. A. M., Yazid, M. D., Idrus, R. B. H., Maarof, M., Nordin, A., Razali, R. A., & Lokanathan, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22083888 · Cited by 18
“Short telomeres are also associated with the development of certain cancer types, such as breast cancer [85].”
BackgroundAssani, G., Xiong, Y., Zhou, F., & Zhou, Y. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26150 · Cited by 17
“Several studies demonstrated the correlation between telomere shortening and cancer risk with cancer type -dependent [102, 103].”
BackgroundLeus, A. J. G., Haisma, M. S., Terra, J. B., Diercks, G. F. H., van Kester, M. S., Halmos, G. B., Rácz, E., van Dijk, B. A. C., & Plaat, B. E. C. (2021) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/actadv.v101.347 · Cited by 18
Association between genetic risk score for telomere length and risk of breast cancer
Luu, H. N., Long, J., Wen, W., Zheng, Y., Cai, Q., Gao, Y., Zheng, W., & Shu, X. (2016) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0800-z · Cited by 17
Cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length: a systematic review
Marques, A., Gouveia, É. R., Peralta, M., Martins, J., Venturini, J., Henriques‐Neto, D., & Sarmento, H. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1754739 · Cited by 19
Alterations of telomere length and DNA methylation in hairdressers: A cross‐sectional study
Li, H., Åkerman, G., Lidén, C., Alhamdow, A., Wojdacz, T. K., Bröberg, K., & Albin, M. C. (2015) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.21991 · Cited by 16
“Since shorter telomere length has been reported to be a biomarker for increased risk for some cancer types and other chronic non-malignant diseases, for example cardiovascular disease [Ma et al., 2011; D’Mello et al., 2015], our result could provide some evidence that current hairdressers might face increased health r…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialElimination of Senescent Cells: Prospects According to the Subtelomere-Telomere Theory
Libertini, G., Ferrara, N., Rengo, G., & Corbi, G. (2018) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297918120064 · Cited by 17
Prognostic value of telomere attrition in patients with aplastic anemia
Scheinberg, P. (2013) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-013-1332-x · Cited by 16
“widely associated with the development of human cancer in population-based studies and in pre-malignant inflammatory conditions such as Barrett’s esophagus and inflammatory bowel disease [30, 36–40].”
BackgroundXu, Y., Xu, J., Chancoco, H. D., Huang, M., Torres, K. E., & Gu, J. H. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12030594 · Cited by 15
Zheng, X., Wezel, F., Azoitei, A., Meessen, S., Wang, W., Najjar, G., Wang, X., Kraus, J. M., Kestler, H. A., John, A., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13153774 · Cited by 14
“For instance, human population-based meta-analysis studies (involving nine breast, four bladder, three lung, two kidney, two gastric and two colorectal cancer studies, as well as studies on seven tumor entities of other origin) revealed that shorter PBL telomeres were significantly associated with increased cancer ris…”
BackgroundWolf, S. E., Hastings, W. J., Ye, Q., Etzel, L. C., Apsley, A. T., Chiaro, C. R., Heim, C. C., Heller, T., Noll, J. G., Schreier, H. M. C., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290918 · Cited by 15
Telomere length, COPD and emphysema as risk factors for lung cancer
de-Torres, J. P., Sánchez-Salcedo, P., Bastarrika, G., Alcaide, A. B., Pı́o, R., Pajares, M. J., Campo, A., Bertó, J., Montuenga, L. M., Ocón, M. D. M., et al. (2016) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01521-2016 · Cited by 15
Shoeb, M., Joseph, P., Kodali, V., Mustafa, G., Farris, B. Y., Umbright, C., Roberts, J. R., Erdely, A., & Antonini, J. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17645-y · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Ma, H., Zhou, Z., Wei, S., Liu, Z., Pooley, K. A., Dunning, A. M., Svenson, U., Roos, G., Hosgood, H. D., Shen, M., & Wei, Q.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Umeå University (SE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wei, Qingyi
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-06-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e20466
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3112149
- OpenAlex
- W2136996519
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA131274, P30CA016672)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES011740)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- telomere length, telomere shortening, cancer risk, cancer susceptibility, bladder cancer, lung cancer, tobacco-related cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, urogenital cancer, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Telomere, Publication Bias, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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