The association of telomere length and cancer: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Telomeres shorten with each cell division and are essential for chromosomal stability. Short telomeres in surrogate tissues (e.g., blood cells) are associated with increased cancer risk in several case–control studies, but findings are inconsistent in prospective studies. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published prior to August 30, 2010, on the association between telomere length (TL) in surrogate tissues and cancer. There were 27 reports on 13 cancers and/or incident cancer investigating this association. The majority, 16, were retrospective case–control studies, 11 were prospective studies. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine ORs and 95% CIs for these studies. Results: Studies on bladder, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, ovarian, renal, and overall incident cancer found associations between short telomeres and these cancers. Non–Hodgkin lymphoma, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer reports were inconsistent. Single studies on endometrial, prostate, and skin cancers were null. In a random-effects meta-analysis, short TL was significantly associated with cancer in retrospective studies (pooled OR for the shortest TL quartile compared with the longest: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.75–4.8, P < 0.0001). The pooled OR for prospective studies was 1.16 (95% CI: 0.87–1.54, P = 0.32). All studies combined yielded a pooled OR of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.37–2.81, P = 0.0001) for the association of short TL and cancer. Conclusion and Impact: There is suggestive evidence that short surrogate tissue TL is associated with cancer; the strongest evidence exists for bladder, esophageal, gastric, and renal cancers. Additional prospective studies with consistent methodology are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1238–50. ©2011 AACR.
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A meta-analysis of 27 studies on 13 different cancers found a significant inverse correlation between immune cell telomere length and cancer incidence.
“A meta-analysis of 27 studies on 13 different cancers found a significant inverse correlation between immune cell telomere length and cancer incidence [68].”
From Senescence of T Lymphocytes: Implications for Enhancing Human Immunity (2016) · cites this paper as [68]
Inter-individual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases.
“Inter-individual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases.”
From Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Wentzensen, I. M., Mirabello, L., Pfeiffer, R. M., & Savage, S. A.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Savage, Sharon A.
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2011-06-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1238-1250
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC3111877
- OpenAlex
- W2119457036
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (Z01CP010190)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- telomere length, short telomeres, cancer risk, surrogate tissue, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, chromosome stability
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neoplasms, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Telomere, Chromosomal Instability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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