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A RCT of a Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Treatment for Three Anxiety Disorders: Examination of Support Roles and Disorder-Specific Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders share common vulnerabilities and symptoms. Disorder-specific treatment is efficacious, but few access evidence-based care. Administering transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy via the internet (iCBT) may increase access to evidence-based treatment, with a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) providing preliminary support for this approach. This study extends those findings and aims to answer three questions: Is a transdiagnostic iCBT program for anxiety disorders efficacious and acceptable? Does it result in change for specific disorders? Can good clinical outcomes be obtained when guidance is provided via a Coach rather than a Clinician? METHOD: RCT (N = 131) comparing three groups: Clinician-supported (CL) vs. Coach-supported (CO) vs. waitlist control (Control). Individuals met DSM-IV criteria for a principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) or panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (Pan/Ag). Treatment consisted of an 8-lesson/10 week iCBT program with weekly contact from a Clinician or Coach, and follow-up at 3-months post-treatment. RESULTS: Outcomes for the pooled treatment groups (CL+CO) were superior to the Control group on measures of anxiety, depression and disability, were associated with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's d = .76-1.44) (response rate = 89-100%), and were maintained at follow-up. Significant reductions were found on disorder-specific outcomes for each of the target diagnoses, and were associated with large effect sizes. CO participants achieved similar outcomes to CL participants at post-treatment, yet had significantly lower symptom severity scores on general anxiety, panic-disorder, depression and disability at follow-up (d = .45-.46). Seventy-four percent of CO and 76% of CL participants completed the program. Less than 70 minutes of Clinician or Coach time was required per participant during the program. DISCUSSION: This transdiagnostic iCBT course for anxiety appears to be efficacious, associated with significant change for three target disorders, and is efficacious when guided by either a Clinician or Coach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000242022.
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“Previous studies have not found significant differences in acceptability or outcomes when support is offered by either graduate student practitioners or registered healthcare professionals (e.g. Johnston et al., 2011).”
From Five-year observational study of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural pain management when offered as routine care by an online therapy clinic (2022) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2011
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“In randomised controlled trials (RCTs) TD-CBT has been shown to be more effective compared to waitlist control (WLC) in group-format (controlled between-group ES: d = .50)(Erickson, Janeck, & Tallman, 2007) and online delivery (Johnston et al., 2011).”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood (2015) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2011
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The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventions — A systematic review
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“Titov et al. (2010), compared guidance from a qualified clinical psychologist (Johnston et al., 2011) respectively qualified psychiatrist (Titov et al., 2010) with guidance provided by an administration employee without clinical experience.”
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“Five trials found that therapist-guided I-CBT had moderate or large effects as compared to a WLC [72–74,76].”
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Alkhaldi, G., Hamilton, F. L., Lau, R., Webster, R., Michie, S., & Murray, E. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4790 · Cited by 273
“…likely to influence effectiveness include timing (ie, when should a prompt be used), duration (ie, for how long should it be used) [18,25-27], frequency [22], mode of delivery (eg, email, text message, or telephone call [23]), sender [28,29], content [30], and theoretical underpinning [23].”
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Self-citationDear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M. D., Karin, E., Zou, J., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Wootton, B. M., McEvoy, P. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.09.003 · Cited by 230
Self-citationTitov, N., Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M. D., Karin, E., Sheehan, J., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Wootton, B. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.08.002 · Cited by 223
“…studies have empirically evaluated this odel, and have found clinically significant improvements when reatment is delivered by technicians in iCBT interventions for epression (Titov et al., 2010), GAD (Robinson et al., 2010), and anxety disorders (Johnston et al., 2011; Johnston et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDomhardt, M., Geßlein, H., von Rezori, R. E., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22860 · Cited by 218
Newby, J. M., Twomey, C., Yuan Li, S. S., & Andrews, G. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.018 · Cited by 189
“…0.603 0.115 1.090 Dear et al. 2015 #1 TD-ICBT vs WLC Anxiety 2.132 1.548 2.715 Johannson et al., 2012 TD-ICBT vs DF Anxiety 0.452 0.005 0.898 Johnston et al., 2011 TD-ICBT vs WLC Anxiety 1.079 0.691 1.466 Marks et al., 2004 TD-CCBT vs RT Anxiety 0.642 -0.018 1.301 Mullin et al. 2013 TD-ICBT…”
InfluentialSelf-citationMusiat, P., & Tarrier, N. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000245 · Cited by 188
“Johnston et al. (2011) investigated whether clinician support or coach support produces different outcomes in a web-based intervention for anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundDear (2015) · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000251 · Cited by 187
“Importantly, in accordance with previous research [14,26], clinicians were instructed to: (i) answer participants’ questions; (ii) summarise content; (iii) encourage skills practice and reinforce progress; (iv) enquire about participants’ experiences with the course and use of the skills; and (v) normalise challenges…”
ResultSelf-citationCarlbring, P., Hägglund, M., Luthström, A., Dahlin, M., Kadowaki, Å., Vernmark, K., & Andersson, G. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.020 · Cited by 177
Meta-analysis of technology-assisted interventions for social anxiety disorder
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“Similarly, the effect sizes for anxiety interventions reported here are consistent with controlled effect sizes reported for standardized CBT for various anxiety disorders (Hedman et al., 2011c; Johnston et al., 2011; Titov, Andrews, Johnston, Robinson, & Spence, 2010).”
ResultTherapist-supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults
Olthuis, J. V., Watt, M. C., Bailey, K., Hayden, J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011565 · Cited by 150
Barnett, P., Goulding, L., Casetta, C., Jordan, H., Sheridan-Rains, L., Steare, T., Williams, J., Wood, L., Gaughran, F., & Johnson, S. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26492 · Cited by 136
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“Three studies (Andersson et al., 2012; Johnston et al., 2011; Robinson et al., 2010) had two active intervention conditions as they compared different types of internet-delivered therapy.”
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Dear, B. F., Staples, L. G., Terides, M. D., Fogliati, V. J., Sheehan, J., Johnston, L., Kayrouz, R., Dear, R., McEvoy, P. M., & Titov, N. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.004 · Cited by 114
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A Stress-Coping Model of Problem Online Video Game Use
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“However, the present ndings add to emerging studies in highlighting the potential of arefully designed and delivered iCBT treatments for increasing ccess to effective treatment and reducing the burden of common ental health disorders (Kazdin, 2015).”
BackgroundTitov, N., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., McEvoy, P. M., Wootton, B., Terides, M. D., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V., Kayrouz, R., & Rapee, R. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089591 · Cited by 81
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“Four studies (Andersson et al., 2012; Johnston et al., 2011; Kobak et al., 2015; Robinson et al., 2010; Titov et al., 2010) investigated outcomes from clinicians and non-clinicians (lay technicians) support conditions.”
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Digital Technologies in the Treatment of Anxiety: Recent Innovations and Future Directions
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Self-citationTrends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
(2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089 · Cited by 70
Internet-Based Interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder - an Overview
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“3 studies evaluated unified treatment approaches [Titov et al., 2010b, 2011; Johnston et al., 2011] and 3 studies examined tailored interventions [Carlbring et al., 2011; Johansson et al., 2012b; (Berger et al., personal communication)].”
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“D 25.25 (9.7) ‐ ‐ Dahlin et al. (2016) GAD‐7 13.67 (3.9) PHQ‐9 11.29 (4.78) PSWQ 67.17 (6.97) Dear et al. (2015) GAD‐7 12.26 (4.83) PHQ‐9 10.86 (4.37) ‐ ‐ Hirsch et al. (2018) GAD‐7 14.28 (3.32) PHQ‐9 13.14 (4.19) PSWQ 68.29 (6.38) Johansson et al. (2013) GAD‐7 12.67 (3.18) PHQ‐9 13.3 (3.74) ‐ ‐ L. Johnston et al. (20…”
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“Anticonvulsants 28 (37) 24 (27) 52 (32)”
Self-citationFernández-Álvarez, J., Díaz-García, A., González-Robles, A., Baños, R., García-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2017) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.09.001 · Cited by 60
“…skills of patients with emotional disorders in both naturalistic and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (Dear et al., 2011; Farchione et al., 2012; Johnston et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2013); and 3) Both treatment protocols are web-based, self-administered treatments with minimum contact/support…”
BackgroundA Psychodynamic Perspective on a Systematic Review of Online Psychotherapy for Adults
Machado, D. D. B., Laskoski, P. B., Severo, C. T., Bassols, A. M. S., Sfoggia, A., Kowacs, C., Krieger, D. V., Torres, M. B., Gastaud, M. B., Wellausen, R. S., et al. (2016) · British Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/bjp.12204 · Cited by 65
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“…some studies the “ technical ” support refers to scheduled, motivational support, and encouragement from psychologists (e.g., Dirkse et al., 2020; Johnston et al., 2011); a component considered a “ common factor ” of effective therapies (Cuijpers, Reijnd-ers, & Huibers, 2019; Wampold & Imel,…”
InfluentialHuman Support in App-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Emotional Disorders: Scoping Review
Bernstein, E. E., Weingarden, H. M., Wolfe, E. C., Hall, M. D., Snorrason, Í., & Wilhelm, S. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/33307 · Cited by 61
Acceptability of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review
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Internet-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy
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“The present report re-analyses data from a recent study of transdiagnostic iCBT treatment (Johnston et al., 2011) using data of 129 people who met diagnostic criteria for GAD, SP, or PDA.”
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“Cohen's d ( 1988 ) for paired-sample t-test was used to evaluate effect sizes (Dalrymple & Herbert, 2007 ; Johnston, Titov, Andrews, Spence, & Dear, 2011 ), using the software GPower3.”
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Johnston, L., Dear, B. F., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Kayrouz, R., Sheehan, J., Rapee, R. M., & Titov, N. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414527524 · Cited by 37
“Transdiagnostic iCBT interventions have been found to be clinically efficacious and acceptable to people with anxiety and depressive disorders (Johnston et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2010a, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationAdaptive Elements in Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment Systems: Systematic Review
Mukhiya, S. K., Wake, J. D., İnal, Y., Pun, K. I., & Lamo, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21066 · Cited by 33
“A key finding in the literature study was that most of the IDPTs were made available on mobile apps [69] and web-based apps.”
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Maia, A. C. C. D. O., Sanford, J., Boettcher, H. T., Nardi, A. E., & Barlow, D. H. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.013 · Cited by 33
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“Transdiagnostic iCBT programs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of mixed and comorbid anxiety disorders (Johnston et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2010; Nordgren et al., 2014), as well as anxiety co-morbid with depression (Titov et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTRANSDIAGNOSTIC INTERNET TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., & Terides, M. D. (2012) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · Cited by 31
Self-citationOnline physical activity interventions for mental disorders: A systematic review
Rosenbaum, S., Newby, J. M., Steel, Z., Andrews, G., & Ward, P. B. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.04.001 · Cited by 32
Self-citationGonzález-Robles, A., Díaz‐García, A., Miguel, C., García‐Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207396 · Cited by 32
Kirkpatrick, T., Manoukian, L., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., & Titov, N. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.210 · Cited by 29
“, 2013) as well as non-therapists under supervision (Titov et al., 2010; Robinson et al., 2010; Johnston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMenant, J. C., Migliaccio, A. A., Sturnieks, D. L., Hicks, C., Lo, J. C. M., Ratanapongleka, M., Turner, J., Delbaere, K., Titov, N., Meinrath, D., et al. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002620 · Cited by 28
“In accordance with previous research [40], clinicians were instructed to (a) answer participants’ questions, (b) summarise content, (c) encourage skills practice, (d) resolve difficulties applying skills, and (e) reinforce progress.”
Self-citationAlfonsson, S., Olsson, E. M. G., Linderman, S., Winnerhed, S., & Hursti, T. J. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.035 · Cited by 27
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00021-0 · Cited by 26
Are Trials of Computerized Therapy Generalizable? A Multidimensional Meta-analysis
Wilks, C. R., Zieve, G. G., & Lessing, H. K. (2016) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0129 · Cited by 18
Wootton, B. M., Steinman, S. A., Czerniawski, A., Norris, K., Baptie, C., Diefenbach, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9921-x · Cited by 19
“While there is currently significant data on the effectiveness of transdiagnostic ICBT for the treatment of anxiety disorders (Dear et al. 2016, 2015; Johnston et al. 2011; Titov et al. 2010), there are currently no studies to date looking at the effectiveness and acceptability of a more pragmatic approach in the trea…”
BackgroundHadjistavropoulos, H. D., Schneider, L. H., Hadjistavropoulos, T., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2018.1442675 · Cited by 18
“, students, minimally trained support staff) without compromising clinical outcomes or acceptability.(7,34,35) Over the course of 8 weeks, the coach contacted clients via telephone.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSainsbury, K., Mullan, B. A., & Sharpe, L. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9416-4 · Cited by 17
“This is consistent with both the usefulness and application of cognitive behaviour therapy to the treatment of anxiety [29] and the known relationship between health anxiety and information-seeking [30].”
ResultHadjistavropoulos, H. D., Peynenburg, V., Thiessen, D., Schneider, L. H., Nugent, M., Wilhelms, A., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1866 · Cited by 16
Self-citationBendtsen, P., Müssener, U., Karlsson, N. E., López‐Pelayo, H., Vieira, J. A. P., Colom, J., Gual, A., Reynolds, J., Wallace, P., Segura, L., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010271 · Cited by 16
Murray, E., Linke, S., Harwood, E., Conroy, S., Stevenson, F. A., & Godfrey, C. (2012) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags096 · Cited by 16
Dahlin, M., Johansson, A., Romare, H., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100531 · Cited by 15
“Several studies on transdiagnostic ICBT have included participants with GAD as either the principle or comorbid condition showing positive results (Dear et al., 2015; Johnston et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2010).”
Sasseville, M., LeBlanc, A., Tchuente, J., Boucher, M., Dugas, M., Mbemba, G. I. C., Barony, R., Chouinard, M., Beaulieu, M., Beaudet, N., et al. (2023) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-023-02241-1 · Cited by 16
“Johnston [61] 2011 Australia Generalized anxiety disorder 139 Internet or website/email (SMS) Anxiety/depression”
BackgroundBerg, H. E., Akeman, E., McDermott, T. J., Cosgrove, K. T., Kirlić, N., Clausen, A. N., Cannon, M., Yeh, H., White, E. J., Thompson, W. K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100004 · Cited by 16
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., & Terides, M. (2012) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.17.num.3.2012.11842 · Cited by 13
Self-citationZarski, A.-C., Weisel, K. K., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Schaub, M. P., Berking, M., Görlich, D., Jacobi, C., & Ebert, D. D. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000536149 · Cited by 13
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Botella, C., & Berger, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06083-5_4 · Cited by 13
Bush, N. E., Prins, A., Laraway, S., O'Brien, K., Ruzek, J. I., & Ciulla, R. (2013) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0032179 · Cited by 11
Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders
Nordgren, L. B. (2013) · Linköping University Electronic Press eBooks · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-100969 · Cited by 11
“Johnston et al. (2011) RCT comparing to control and coachsupported ICBT GAD-7 DASS-21 139 3 months Effect sizes were calculated combining the two treatment groups (coach- and cliniciansupported), and the effects at post-treatment were d=1.44 on GAD-7 and d=.94 on DASS-21.”
MethodInfluentialTechnology-based cognitive behavioral therapy interventions
Newby, J. M., Upton, E., Mason, E., & Black, M. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.02.004 · Cited by 11
Internet‐Delivered Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Furmark, T. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch26 · Cited by 10
Skaczkowski, G., van der Kruk, S., Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M., & Gunn, K. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31018 · Cited by 9
“A rapid review of the evidence for each of these programs’ evaluations is provided in Multimedia Appendix 4 [10,12,17,42-151].”
BackgroundTransdiagnostic psychological interventions for emotional disorders: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Jiménez-Orenga, N., Miguel, C., González-Robles, A., Fernández‐Álvarez, J., Grimaldos, J., Bretón-López, J. M., Botella, C., Cuijpers, P. J., García‐Palacios, A., Papola, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119537 · Cited by 9
Liu, J., Li, C., Qiu, Y.-F., Yu, Y.-Q., Zeng, L., Wu, M., Han, Y., & Yang, F. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116324 · Cited by 9
Blending digital therapeutics within the healthcare system
Keller, O. C., Budney, A. J., Struble, C. A., & Teepe, G. W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90045-4.00016-2 · Cited by 9
Koh, Z. H., Serbetci, D., Skues, J., & Murray, G. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/59351 · Cited by 6
Jung, H. W., Jang, K.-W., Nam, S., Kim, A. Y., Lee, J., Ahn, M. E., Lee, S., Kim, Y. J., Shin, J.-K., & Roh, D. D. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14051771 · Cited by 9
ICBT in Psychiatry: Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Titov, N., Andersson, G., & Paxling, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06083-5_5 · Cited by 7
Self-citationOwens, V. A. M., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Schneider, L. H., Gullickson, K. M., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.01.001 · Cited by 8
“Given previous research has shown transdiagnostic Internet interventions effectively reduce symptoms across a variety of disorders (Johnston et al., 2011), it was hypothesized that in a sample of individuals with elevated health anxiety, the intervention would result in significant reductions in symptoms of health anx…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnston, L., Titov, N., Andrews, G., Spence, J., & Dear, B. F.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Johnston, Luke
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-11-23
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e28079
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3223218
- OpenAlex
- W2006280171
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 16.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry
- Australian Rotary Health
- University of New South Wales
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy, internet-delivered treatment, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, treatment acceptability, treatment efficacy, depression, disability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Compliance, Social Support, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Internet
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