Genetic architecture of local adaptation in lunar and diurnal emergence times of the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera)
Open accessAbstract
Circadian rhythms pre-adapt the physiology of most organisms to predictable daily changes in the environment. Some marine organisms also show endogenous circalunar rhythms. The genetic basis of the circalunar clock and its interaction with the circadian clock is unknown. Both clocks can be studied in the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera), as different populations have different local adaptations in their lunar and diurnal rhythms of adult emergence, which can be analyzed by crossing experiments. We investigated the genetic basis of population variation in clock properties by constructing the first genetic linkage map for this species, and performing quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on variation in both lunar and diurnal timing. The genome has a genetic length of 167-193 centimorgans based on a linkage map using 344 markers, and a physical size of 95-140 megabases estimated by flow cytometry. Mapping the sex determining locus shows that females are the heterogametic sex, unlike most other Chironomidae. We identified two QTL each for lunar emergence time and diurnal emergence time. The distribution of QTL confirms a previously hypothesized genetic basis to a correlation of lunar and diurnal emergence times in natural populations. Mapping of clock genes and light receptors identified ciliary opsin 2 (cOps2) as a candidate to be involved in both lunar and diurnal timing; cryptochrome 1 (cry1) as a candidate gene for lunar timing; and two timeless (tim2, tim3) genes as candidate genes for diurnal timing. This QTL analysis of lunar rhythmicity, the first in any species, provides a unique entree into the molecular analysis of the lunar clock.
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The specific daily and lunar time point of adult emergence in Clunio marinus varies between strains from different geographic locations, presumably as an adaptation to the exact local lowest low tide occurrences.
“The specific daily and lunar time point of adult emergence varies between strains from different geographic locations, presumably as an adaptation to the exact local lowest low tide occurrences.”
From The Still Dark Side of the Moon: Molecular Mechanisms of Lunar-Controlled Rhythms and Clocks (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
The timing differences in C. marinus were shown to be genetically inherited.
“Importantly, these timing differences were shown to be genetically inherited (43).”
From An Overview of Monthly Rhythms and Clocks (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Kaiser, T. S., & Heckel, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kaiser, Tobias S.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-02-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e32092
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3285202
- OpenAlex
- W2013153866
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Keywords
- Clunio marinus, lunar rhythms, diurnal cycle, emergence timing, circadian clock, local adaptation, genetic linkage map, quantitative trait loci, sex determination, CRY1, timeless gene, clock genes, light receptors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Chironomidae, Circadian Rhythm, Crosses, Genetic, Female, Flow Cytometry, Genetics, Population, Genetic Linkage, Male, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Periodicity, Phenotype, Recombination, Genetic, Moon, Genome, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Microsatellite Repeats, Quantitative Trait Loci
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