Different types of laughter modulate connectivity within distinct parts of the laughter perception network
Open accessAbstract
Laughter is an ancient signal of social communication among humans and non-human primates. Laughter types with complex social functions (e.g., taunt and joy) presumably evolved from the unequivocal and reflex-like social bonding signal of tickling laughter already present in non-human primates. Here, we investigated the modulations of cerebral connectivity associated with different laughter types as well as the effects of attention shifts between implicit and explicit processing of social information conveyed by laughter using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Complex social laughter types and tickling laughter were found to modulate connectivity in two distinguishable but partially overlapping parts of the laughter perception network irrespective of task instructions. Connectivity changes, presumably related to the higher acoustic complexity of tickling laughter, occurred between areas in the prefrontal cortex and the auditory association cortex, potentially reflecting higher demands on acoustic analysis associated with increased information load on auditory attention, working memory, evaluation and response selection processes. In contrast, the higher degree of socio-relational information in complex social laughter types was linked to increases of connectivity between auditory association cortices, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and brain areas associated with mentalizing as well as areas in the visual associative cortex. These modulations might reflect automatic analysis of acoustic features, attention direction to informative aspects of the laughter signal and the retention of those in working memory during evaluation processes. These processes may be associated with visual imagery supporting the formation of inferences on the intentions of our social counterparts. Here, the right dorsolateral precentral cortex appears as a network node potentially linking the functions of auditory and visual associative sensory cortices with those of the mentalizing-associated anterior mediofrontal cortex during the decoding of social information in laughter.
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Different laughter types are distinguishable based on the vocal signal and cerebral activation patterns.
“It has been demonstrated that different laughter types are distinguishable based on the vocal signal [27] and cerebral activation patterns [28], [29].”
From They are laughing at me: Cerebral mediation of cognitive biases in social anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as [29]
The Introduction reports different cerebral activation responses to complex social laughter and tickling laughter. But the Results found no significant activation difference between joyful and taunting laughter; the Discussion (Conclusion) says those types differed in connectivity patterns instead. This source therefore supports distinguishing some laughter types by activation, but not all the types it examined. The vocal-signal claim is attached to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Ginther, S. C., Edmunds, P. J., Doo, S. S., & Carpenter, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151401
Laughter gains access to awareness at the threshold of consciousness
Jiménez, I. A. C., Ciorli, T., Froio, M., D’Alterio, A., Castoldi, M. S., Mosso, C. O., & Celeghin, A. (2026) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2026.104063
- Authors
- Wildgruber, D., Szameitat, D. P., Ethofer, T., Brück, C., Alter, K., Grodd, W., & Kreifelts, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kreifelts, Benjamin
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-05-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e63441
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3648477
- OpenAlex
- W1965442236
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SZ 267/1-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Humor Studies and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- brain connectivity, auditory association cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, mentalization, working memory, auditory attention, visual imagery, social communication, acoustic complexity
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Cortex, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Laughter, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Nerve Net, Social Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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