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The Effects of Mind-Body Therapies on the Immune System: Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Psychological and health-restorative benefits of mind-body therapies have been investigated, but their impact on the immune system remain less defined. OBJECTIVE: To conduct the first comprehensive review of available controlled trial evidence to evaluate the effects of mind-body therapies on the immune system, focusing on markers of inflammation and anti-viral related immune responses. METHODS: Data sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO through September 1, 2013. Randomized controlled trials published in English evaluating at least four weeks of Tai Chi, Qi Gong, meditation, or Yoga that reported immune outcome measures were selected. Studies were synthesized separately by inflammatory (n = 18), anti-viral related immunity (n = 7), and enumerative (n = 14) outcomes measures. We performed random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean difference when appropriate. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies published in 39 articles (total 2, 219 participants) met inclusion criteria. For inflammatory measures, after 7 to 16 weeks of mind-body intervention, there was a moderate effect on reduction of C-reactive protein (effect size [ES], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 1.12), a small but not statistically significant reduction of interleukin-6 (ES, 0.35; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.75), and negligible effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (ES, 0.21; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.58). For anti-viral related immune and enumerative measures, there were negligible effects on CD4 counts (ES, 0.15; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.34) and natural killer cell counts (ES, 0.12, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.45). Some evidence indicated mind-body therapies increase immune responses to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Mind-body therapies reduce markers of inflammation and influence virus-specific immune responses to vaccination despite minimal evidence suggesting effects on resting anti-viral or enumerative measures. These immunomodulatory effects, albeit incomplete, warrant further methodologically rigorous studies to determine the clinical implications of these findings for inflammatory and infectious disease outcomes.
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“Indeed, mind-body interventions that target stress-response pathways also influence inflammatory dynamics.”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Morgan et al, 2014
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“Our meta-analyses found that a variety of different approaches including Tai chi, Yoga, and meditation, reduce circulating levels of CRP, for example (Morgan et al, 2014).”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Morgan et al, 2014
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“Nevertheless, adrenergic activation increases NF-kB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [84,90,91], and primes increases in the ex vivo production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other Toll-like receptor ligands [90,92–95].”
BackgroundSelf-citationElsenbruch, S., Langhorst, J., Popkirowa, K., Müller, T., Lüdtke, R., Franken, U., Paul, A. E., Spahn, G., Michalsen, A., Janssen, O. E., et al. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000086318 · Cited by 177 · cited 7×
“Three studies with 121 participants were included in our meta-analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71], while two studies with 84 participants lacked sufficient quantitative detail and were not included in the analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMcCain, N. L., Gray, D. P., Elswick, R. K., Robins, J. W., Tuck, I., Walter, J. M., Rausch, S. M., & Ketchum, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.431 · Cited by 176 · cited 10×
“Three studies with 121 participants were included in our meta-analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71], while two studies with 84 participants lacked sufficient quantitative detail and were not included in the analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBower, J. E., Ganz, P. A., Aziz, N., Olmstead, R. E., Irwin, M. R., & Cole, S. W. (2006) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.08.001 · Cited by 169 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, adrenergic activation increases NF-kB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [84,90,91], and primes increases in the ex vivo production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other Toll-like receptor ligands [90,92–95].”
BackgroundSelf-citationIrwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., Witarama, T., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ma, J., Nicassio, P. M., Ganz, P. A., et al. (2014) · JNCI Monographs · doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu028 · Cited by 168
Self-citationMeditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial
Barrett, B., Hayney, M. S., Muller, D., Rakel, D., Ward, A., Obasi, C. N., Brown, R., Zhang, Z., Zgierska, A., Gern, J., et al. (2012) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1376 · Cited by 156 · cited 1×
“(DOCX) Table S2 Assessment of overall risk of bias*. (DOCX)”
BackgroundIrwin, M. R., Olmstead, R. E., & Oxman, M. N. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01109.x · Cited by 153 · cited 6×
“Nine studies [37,43,51,54,55,60,61,67,68,72–74] evaluated the effects of MBTs [meditation (n = 3), Tai Chi (n = 3), Qi Gong (n = 1), and Yoga (n = 2)] on CRP in 710 participants with a variety of clinical conditions (heart failure [54,55], Type 2 diabetes [68], major depression [67], healthy individuals [37,43,60,61],…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSprod, L. K., Janelsins, M. C., Palesh, O. G., Carroll, J. K., Heckler, C. E., Peppone, L. J., Mohile, S. G., Morrow, G. R., & Mustian, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-011-0205-7 · Cited by 148 · cited 6×
“For IL-8, three studies [36,45,63,65] with a total of 158 participants were identified.”
BackgroundInfluentialJanelsins, M., Davis, P., Wideman, L., Katula, J., Sprod, L., Peppone, L., Palesh, O., Heckler, C., Williams, J. P., Morrow, G., et al. (2011) · Clinical Breast Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2011.03.013 · Cited by 142 · cited 1×
“(DOCX) Table S2 Assessment of overall risk of bias*. (DOCX)”
BackgroundHamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318148c4c0 · Cited by 137 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, adrenergic activation increases NF-kB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [84,90,91], and primes increases in the ex vivo production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other Toll-like receptor ligands [90,92–95].”
BackgroundEffect of integrated yoga practices on immune responses in examination stress - A preliminary study
Arora, S., Gopal, A., Mondal, S., Gandhi, A., & Bhattacharjee, J. (2011) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.78178 · Cited by 132 · cited 2×
“Three studies (two with healthy individuals and one with breast cancer survivors) found no significant differences in cytokines (including IFN-c) comparing mind-body therapy with controls [53,63,65,71].”
BackgroundGrebe, K. M., Takeda, K., Hickman, H. D., Bailey, A. M., Embry, A. C., Bennink, J. R., & Yewdell, J. W. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903395 · Cited by 130 · cited 19×
“For example, extracellular pathogens, such as bacteria, activate transcription factors (i.e., nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and activator protein 1 (AP1), which lead to increased expression of genes such as interleukin-1b (IL-1B), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).”
BackgroundInfluentialTai Chi Chih acutely decreases sympathetic nervous system activity in older adults.
Motivala, S. J., Sollers, J., Thayer, J., & Irwin, M. R. (2006) · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.11.1177 · Cited by 128
Self-citationYoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Posadzki, P., & Ernst, E. (2011) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8 · Cited by 128 · cited 1×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundMindfulness meditation practise as a healthcare intervention: A systematic review
Mars, T. S., & Abbey, H. (2010) · International journal of osteopathic medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ijosm.2009.07.005 · Cited by 124 · cited 1×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundGenome-wide transcriptional profiling linked to social class in asthma
Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Walker, H. A., Arevalo, J. M., Sung, C. Y., & Cole, S. W. (2008) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2007.095091 · Cited by 118
Benefits of yoga for African American heart failure patients.
Pullen, P., Thompson, W., Benardot, D., Brandon, L., Mehta, P., Rifai, L., Vadnais, D. S., Parrott, J. M., & Khan, B. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181bf24c4 · Cited by 116 · cited 4×
“IL-6 Chen 2006 (QG) [69], Creswell 2012 (Med) [37], Irwin 2012; Irwin 2007 (TC) [60,61], Janelsins 2011[63], Sprod 2012 (TC) [65], Malarkey 2013 (Med) [51], McCain 2008 (TC) [64], Oken 2010 (Med) [43], Pace 2009 (Med) [44], Pullen 2008 (Yoga) [54], Pullen 2010 (Yoga) [55], Zautra 2008 (Med) [49] 6 to16 594 2 High; 2 M…”
BackgroundInfluentialIrwin, M. R., Pike, J. L., Cole, J. C., & Oxman, M. N. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088591.86103.8f · Cited by 114 · cited 2×
“Two other studies compared effects of Tai Chi versus health education on VZV-RCF in 148 healthy older adults, and both found a significant effect on VZV-RCF at rest [60,62] and in response to vaccination [61].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTaylor, D. N. (1995) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.451 · Cited by 113 · cited 1×
“CD4 Lymphocytes Cade 2010 (Yoga) [52], Creswell 2009 (Med) [38], Elsenbruch 2005 (Med) [40], Hidderley 2004 (Med) [42], Lengacher 2013 (Med) [50], Manzaneque 2004 (QG) [70], McCain 2008 (TC) [64], SeyedAlinaghi 2012 (Med) [46], Solberg 1995 (Med) [47], Taylor 1995 (Med) [48], Wang 2011 (TC) [66] 4 to 20 777 8 High; 1…”
Does Yoga Engender Fitness in Older Adults? A Critical Review
Roland, K. P., Jakobi, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2011) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.19.1.62 · Cited by 109 · cited 1×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundMitigating Cellular Inflammation in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Tai Chi Chih
Irwin, M. R., & Olmstead, R. E. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3182330fd3 · Cited by 107 · cited 6×
“Nine studies [37,43,51,54,55,60,61,67,68,72–74] evaluated the effects of MBTs [meditation (n = 3), Tai Chi (n = 3), Qi Gong (n = 1), and Yoga (n = 2)] on CRP in 710 participants with a variety of clinical conditions (heart failure [54,55], Type 2 diabetes [68], major depression [67], healthy individuals [37,43,60,61],…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChen, S.-C., Ueng, K., Lee, S., Sun, K., & Lee, M. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0560 · Cited by 101 · cited 2×
“CRP Chen 2010 (TC) [68], Creswell 2012 (Med) [37], Irwin 2012; Irwin 2007 (TC) [60,61], Lavertsky 2011 (TC) [67], Malarkey 2013 (Med) [51], Oh 2012; Oh 2010; Oh 2008 (QG) [72–74], Oken 2010 (Med) [43], Pullen 2010 (Yoga) [55], Pullen 2008 (Yoga) [54] 7 to 16 710 4 Moderate; 5 Low Finding 1.”
BackgroundNagarathna, R., Rao, R. M., Nagendra, H., Vinay, C., Chandrashekara, S., Gopinath, K., & Srinath, B. S. (2008) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.36789 · Cited by 100 · cited 3×
“Three studies with 121 participants were included in our meta-analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71], while two studies with 84 participants lacked sufficient quantitative detail and were not included in the analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71].”
BackgroundResultWang, C. (2008) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000134302 · Cited by 98 · cited 2×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationCade, W. T., Reeds, D., Mondy, K., Overton, E. T., Grassino, J., Tucker, S., Bopp, C., Laciny, E., Hubert, S., Lassa‐Claxton, S., et al. (2010) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00801.x · Cited by 98 · cited 1×
“CD4 Lymphocytes Cade 2010 (Yoga) [52], Creswell 2009 (Med) [38], Elsenbruch 2005 (Med) [40], Hidderley 2004 (Med) [42], Lengacher 2013 (Med) [50], Manzaneque 2004 (QG) [70], McCain 2008 (TC) [64], SeyedAlinaghi 2012 (Med) [46], Solberg 1995 (Med) [47], Taylor 1995 (Med) [48], Wang 2011 (TC) [66] 4 to 20 777 8 High; 1…”
The effects of Baduanjin qigong in the prevention of bone loss for middle-aged women.
Chen, H.-H., Yeh, M.-L., & Lee, F. (2006) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x06004259 · Cited by 94 · cited 2×
“IL-6 Chen 2006 (QG) [69], Creswell 2012 (Med) [37], Irwin 2012; Irwin 2007 (TC) [60,61], Janelsins 2011[63], Sprod 2012 (TC) [65], Malarkey 2013 (Med) [51], McCain 2008 (TC) [64], Oken 2010 (Med) [43], Pace 2009 (Med) [44], Pullen 2008 (Yoga) [54], Pullen 2010 (Yoga) [55], Zautra 2008 (Med) [49] 6 to16 594 2 High; 2 M…”
BackgroundOh, B., Butow, P., Mullan, B., & Clarke, S. (2008) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x08005904 · Cited by 92 · cited 4×
“Inflammatory Outcomes Eighteen studies published in 22 articles [11,36,37,40,43,45,49,51,54–56,59–61,64,65,67–69,71–74] with a total of 1,667 participants reported data on the effects of MBTs on inflammatory outcomes (i.”
BackgroundInfluentialYoga for Arthritis: A Scoping Review
Haaz, S., & Bartlett, S. J. (2010) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2010.11.001 · Cited by 78 · cited 1×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundSeyedAlinaghi, S., Jam, S., Foroughi, M., Imani, A., Mohraz, M., Djavid, G. E., & Black, D. S. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31825abfaa · Cited by 76 · cited 4×
“Other enumerative Outcomes A total of 14 studies [38,40–42,46–48,50,52,57,58,64,66,70] reported data on the effects of MBTs on enumerative outcomes, such as CD4 cells (n = 11), NK cells (n = 4), salivary IgA (n = 2), and total blood count (n = 1).”
BackgroundInfluentialHidderley, M., & Holt, M. (2003) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2003.09.003 · Cited by 74 · cited 3×
“Three studies [40,42,50] evaluated the effects of meditation on NK counts in 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 113 with breast cancer.”
BackgroundIs Regular Exercise a Friend or Foe of the Aging Immune System? A Systematic Review
Haaland, D. A., Sabljic, T. F., Baribeau, D. A., Mukovozov, I., & Hart, L. E. (2008) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3181865eec · Cited by 71 · cited 1×
“For example, exercise, one of the most widely-studied behavioral interventions, has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation, enhance immunological memory in the context of vaccination, and even reduce sick days associated with the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections [17,29,75].”
BackgroundLengacher, C. A., Kip, K. E., Post‐White, J., Fitzgerald, S., Newton, C. A., Barta, M. K., Jacobsen, P. B., Shelton, M. M., Moscoso, M. S., Johnson‐Mallard, V., et al. (2011) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800411419245 · Cited by 65 · cited 3×
“Three studies [40,42,50] evaluated the effects of meditation on NK counts in 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 113 with breast cancer.”
BackgroundMeditation: a modulator of the immune response to physical stress? A brief report.
Solberg, E. E., Halvorsen, R., Sundgot‐Borgen, J., Ingjer, F., & Holen, A. (1995) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.29.4.255 · Cited by 64 · cited 2×
“Of these, two reported insignificant changes in CD4 count after four weeks (30 minutes, 7 times/week) of Qi Gong [70] or seven weeks (30 minutes, home practice) of meditation [47], compared with no interventions.”
Nagarathna, R., Rao, R. M., Nagendra, H., Vinay, C., Chandrashekara, S., Gopinath, K., & Srinath, B. S. (2008) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.36795 · Cited by 60 · cited 3×
“Three studies with 121 participants were included in our meta-analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71], while two studies with 84 participants lacked sufficient quantitative detail and were not included in the analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71].”
BackgroundResultMucosal Immunity Modulated by Integrative Meditation in a Dose-Dependent Fashion
Fan, Y., Tang, Y., Ma, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0234 · Cited by 58 · cited 2×
“Salivary IgA Fan 2010 (Med) [41], Vogler 2011 (Yoga) [58] 4 to 8 73 2 High 1 study reported a significant increase in salivary IgA compared to the control (P = 0.”
BackgroundMinichiello, Y. Z. V. J. (2013) · Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2167-0277.1000141 · Cited by 58 · cited 2×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundResultTai Chi and Rheumatic Diseases
Wang, C. (2010) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2010.11.002 · Cited by 57 · cited 3×
“Previous work has shown that MBTs offer many psychological and health functioning benefits including reductions in disease symptoms, improvements in coping, behavior regulation, quality of life, and well-being [3–22].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationAssessment of immunological parameters following a qigong training program.
Manzaneque, J. M., Vera, F. M., Maldonado, E., Carranque, G. A., Cubero, V. M., Morell, M., & Blanca, M. J. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 54
Serum Cytokines, Mood and Sleep after a Qigong Program
Manzaneque, J. M., Vera, F. M., Rodríguez, F. M., Garcia, G. J., Leyva, L., & Blanca, M. (2009) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105308097946 · Cited by 47 · cited 5×
“Three studies with 121 participants were included in our meta-analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71], while two studies with 84 participants lacked sufficient quantitative detail and were not included in the analysis [40,43,56,59,64,71].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffect of Tai Chi in adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Wang, C., Roubenoff, R., Lau, J., Kalish, R. A., Schmid, C. H., Tighiouart, H., Rones, R., & Hibberd, P. L. (2005) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh572 · Cited by 45 · cited 2×
“This study extends our previous investigations of the effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes [3,18–22], highlighting the promising role that MBTs may play in regulating the immune system.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationRole of Tai Chi in the Treatment of Rheumatologic Diseases
Wang, C. (2012) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0294-y · Cited by 44 · cited 1×
“For example, exercise, one of the most widely-studied behavioral interventions, has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation, enhance immunological memory in the context of vaccination, and even reduce sick days associated with the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections [17,29,75].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDayalan, H., Subramanian, S., Elango, T., Malligarjunan, H., & Kochupillai, V. (2012) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.91702 · Cited by 43 · cited 2×
“Total blood count Subramanian 2012 (Yoga) [57] 6 40 1 High 1 study reported a decrease in neutrophils (P,0.”
BackgroundAcute Stress Elicited by Bungee Jumping Suppresses Human Innate Immunity
van Westerloo, D. J., Choi, G., Löwenberg, E. C., Truijen, J., de Vos, A. F., Endert, E., Meijers, J. C. M., Zhou, L., Pereira, M. P., Queiroz, K. C. S., et al. (2010) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2010.00204 · Cited by 43 · cited 1×
“However, other studies have found that adrenergic signaling can increase, as well as inhibit the production of IL-6 and TNF [85–89].”
BackgroundVogler, J., O’Hara, L., Gregg, J., & Burnell, F. (2011) · International Journal of Yoga Therapy · doi:10.17761/ijyt.21.1.e15852u665l710r1 · Cited by 37 · cited 2×
“Salivary IgA Fan 2010 (Med) [41], Vogler 2011 (Yoga) [58] 4 to 8 73 2 High 1 study reported a significant increase in salivary IgA compared to the control (P = 0.”
BackgroundImmunogenic dendritic cells primed by social defeat enhance adaptive immunity to influenza A virus
Powell, N. D., Mays, J. W., Bailey, M. T., Hanke, M. L., & Sheridan, J. F. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.243 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, adrenergic activation increases NF-kB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [84,90,91], and primes increases in the ex vivo production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other Toll-like receptor ligands [90,92–95].”
BackgroundWang, M.-Y., & An, L.-G. (2011) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5604/935875 · Cited by 13
Behavioral Interventions: Immunologic Mediators and Disease Outcomes
Antoni, M. H., Schneiderman, N., & Penedo, F. J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088576-3/50038-1 · Cited by 11 · cited 2×
“targeted at alleviating stress, promoting heightened states of relaxation, and encouraging moderate physical activity, have been shown to bolster anti-viral immune responses and decrease markers of inflammation, particularly among older adults or adults experiencing high levels of psychological stress [3,17,18,29– 31].”
BackgroundCole, S. (2007) · doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-1-r1 · Cited by 4
Motivala, S. J., Sollers, J. J., Thayer, J. F., & Irwin, M. R. (2006) · Cited by 2
Self-citation
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Self-citationThe role of inflammation and genetics in periodontal disease
Loos, B. G., & Dyke, T. E. V. (2020) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12297 · Cited by 661
Implications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer's disease dementia
Irwin, M. R., & Vitiello, M. V. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30450-2 · Cited by 611
Self-citationMind–body therapies and control of inflammatory biology: A descriptive review
Bower, J. E., & Irwin, M. R. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.012 · Cited by 388
“The latter conclusion is supported by meta-analytic results from Morgan et al. (2014) who found that CRP was likely to be reduced following mind–body therapies in populations with disease conditions, but not in healthy persons.”
MethodResultSelf-citationBreath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity
Gerritsen, R. J. S., & Band, G. P. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397 · Cited by 342
Metadata
- Authors
- Morgan, N., Irwin, M. R., Chung, M., & Wang, C.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Chenchen
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-07-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e100903
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4079606
- OpenAlex
- W1971901983
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 20.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000124, CTSI UL1TR000124, AG028748)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026364, R01AG034588, P30AG028748)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL095799)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA032922)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA160245, R01CA119159)
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT006367, K24AT007323, R01AT005521)
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UL1TR000124)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- mind-body interventions, immune system, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, antiviral immunity, CD4 count, natural killer cells, Tai Chi, qigong, meditation, yoga, vaccine response, immunomodulation
- MeSH terms
- C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Virus Diseases, Interleukin-6, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MEDLINE, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Tai Ji
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