Alzheimer's Associated β-Amyloid Protein Inhibits Influenza A Virus and Modulates Viral Interactions with Phagocytes
Open accessAbstract
Accumulation of β-Amyloid (βA) is a key pathogenetic factor in Alzheimer's disease; however, the normal function of βA is unknown. Recent studies have shown that βA can inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi. In this paper we show that βA also inhibits replication of seasonal and pandemic strains of H3N2 and H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro. The 42 amino acid fragment of βA (βA42) had greater activity than the 40 amino acid fragment. Direct incubation of the virus with βA42 was needed to achieve optimal inhibition. Using quantitative PCR assays βA42 was shown to reduce viral uptake by epithelial cells after 45 minutes and to reduce supernatant virus at 24 hours post infection. βA42 caused aggregation of IAV particles as detected by light transmission assays and electron and confocal microscopy. βA42 did not stimulate neutrophil H2O2 production or extracellular trap formation on its own, but it increased both responses stimulated by IAV. In addition, βA42 increased uptake of IAV by neutrophils. βA42 reduced viral protein synthesis in monocytes and reduced IAV-induced interleukin-6 production by these cells. Hence, we demonstrate for the first time that βA has antiviral activity and modulates viral interactions with phagocytes.
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Aβ42 can also suppress influenza A virus replication in vitro, and significantly increase the uptake of these viruses by neutrophils.
“Aβ42 can also suppress influenza A virus replication in vitro, and significantly increase the uptake of these viruses by neutrophils [112].”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [112]
Both Aβ42 and Aβ40 inhibited infectivity by influenza A.
“Both Aβ42 and Aβ40 inhibited infectivity by influenza A.”
From What would it take to prove that a chronic infection is a causal agent in Alzheimer’s disease? (2025) · cites this paper as [112]
Amyloid-β protein has antimicrobial properties, specifically against Influenza A.
“Other studies showed that Amyloid-β protein has antimicrobial properties [115], specifically against Influenza A [116]”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Aβ stimulated aggregation of viral particles, facilitating leukocyte-mediated uptake of viruses.
“Aβ stimulated the aggregation of viral particles, which facilitated leukocyte-mediated uptake of viruses.405”
From Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: Challenges, successes and future (2023) · cites this paper as [405]
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- Authors
- White, M. R., Kandel, R., Tripathi, S., Condon, D., Qi, L., Taubenberger, J., & Hartshorn, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hartshorn, Kevan L.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-07-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e101364
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4079246
- OpenAlex
- W2164223927
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL069031, HL-069031)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-83222, P01AI083222)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, influenza A virus, antiviral activity, amyloid-beta 42, H3N2, H1N1, viral replication inhibition, viral uptake, virus aggregation, neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, hydrogen peroxide, monocytes, interleukin-6, phagocytes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antiviral Agents, Cell Line, Humans, Influenza, Human, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Influenza A virus, Peptide Fragments, Phagocytes, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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