N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reverse the Impact of Early-Life Stress on the Gut Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Early life stress is a risk factor for many psychiatric disorders ranging from depression to anxiety. Stress, especially during early life, can induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, the key modulators of the bidirectional signalling pathways in the gut-brain axis that underline several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Despite their critical role in the development and function of the central nervous system, the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the regulation of gut-microbiota in early-life stress has not been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we show that long-term supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (80% EPA, 20% DHA) n-3 PUFAs mixture could restore the disturbed gut-microbiota composition of maternally separated (MS) female rats. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to an early-life stress, maternal separation procedure from postnatal days 2 to 12. Non-separated (NS) and MS rats were administered saline, EPA/DHA 0.4 g/kg/day or EPA/DHA 1 g/kg/day, respectively. Analysis of the gut microbiota in adult rats revealed that EPA/DHA changes composition in the MS, and to a lesser extent the NS rats, and was associated with attenuation of the corticosterone response to acute stress. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, EPA/DHA intervention alters the gut microbiota composition of both neurodevelopmentally normal and early-life stressed animals. This study offers insights into the interaction between n-3 PUFAs and gut microbes, which may play an important role in advancing our understanding of disorders of mood and cognitive functioning, such as anxiety and depression.
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A polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet positively affects the composition of the microbiota.
“While a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet may be exerting its prosocial effects via modulation of fatty acid membrane levels in the brain, it has also been shown to positively affect the composition of the microbiota (Pusceddu et al., 2015;Robertson et al., 2017b) and thus a role for the microbiota is likely (Robertson et al., 2018).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Pusceddu et al., 2015
The Results and Discussion report that long-term EPA/DHA supplementation shifted the gut microbiota of maternally separated female rats toward that of non-separated rats. The Treatments section specifies oral administration of a particular n-3 PUFA mixture, not a PUFA-rich diet; the claim generalizes beyond that treatment and population. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Pusceddu, M. M., El Aidy, S., Crispie, F., O’Sullivan, O., Cotter, P., Stanton, C., Kelly, P., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Dinan, Timothy G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-10-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e0139721
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4591340
- OpenAlex
- W2152995125
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 25.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-10-30)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Food Institutional Research Measure
- Science Foundation Ireland (07/CE/B1368 and 12/RC/2273, 12/RC/2273, 12/RC/, 12/IA/1537, 07/CE/B1368)
- APC Microbiome Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, early life stress, maternal separation, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, gut-brain axis, anxiety, depression, brain development, dietary supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Stress, Psychological, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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