Fatty acid diets: regulation of gut microbiota composition and obesity and its related metabolic dysbiosis
Open accessAbstract
Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.
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Medium-chain fatty acids increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Prevotella and decrease the abundance of Clostridium histolyticum or Helicobacter in animal studies.
“Results from animal studies show that medium-chain fatty acids (7-12 carbons) increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Prevotella and decrease the abundance of Clostridium histolyticum or Helicobacter (119, 124-126).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
SCFAs, specifically butyrate, have been implicated in gastrointestinal and metabolic health, exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and can influence central functioning.
“SCFAs, specifically butyrate, have been implicated in gastrointestinal (main energy source of colonocytes, supporting gut barrier function) and metabolic (glucose homeostasis, lipid oxidation) health, exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and can influence central functioning (as outlined in detail below) (119, 120).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
Long-chain fatty acids alter the abundance of Blautia, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Dialister, Lactococcus, Roseburia, or Bacteroides in animal models.
“Long-chain fatty acids (13-18 carbons), on the other hand, alter the abundance of Blautia, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Dialister, Lactococcus, Roseburia, or Bacteroides (119, 127-129) in animal models.”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
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Analysis of gut microbiota and depression and anxiety: Mendelian randomization from three datasets
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- Authors
- Machate, D. J., Figueiredo, P. S., Marcelino, G., Guimarães, R. D. C. A., Hiane, P. A., Bogo, D., Pinheiro, V. A. Z., Oliveira, L. C. S. D., & Pott, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (BR)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil
- Corresponding author
- Guimarães, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4093
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7312778
- OpenAlex
- W3033413733
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, gut microbiota composition, obesity, short-chain fatty acids, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids, metabolic syndrome, dietary fatty acid composition
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Humans, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Diet, High-Fat, Dysbiosis
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