Cited by 461Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesBariatric Surgery and OutcomesCardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

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The Chronic Inflammatory Hypothesis for the Morbidity Associated with Morbid Obesity: Implications and Effects of Weight Loss

Cottam, Daniel R., Mattar, Samer G., Barinas-Mitchell, Emma, Eid, George, Kuller, Lewis, Kelley, David E., Schauer, Philip R.·2004·Obesity Surgery

DOI 10.1381/096089204323093345

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Abstract

Background Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that causes a multitude of co-morbid conditions.However, there has been slow progress in understanding the basic pathophysiology that underlies co-morbid conditions associated with obesity. Recently, there has been intense interest in the role of inflammation in obesity. Using the inflammatory hypothesis, many of the mechanisms by which co-morbid conditions are associated with obesity are being elucidated.Methods We searched the literature and reviewed all relevant articles. We focused on hormones and cytokines that have been associated with other inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Findings Angiotensinogen (AGT), transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin six (IL-6) are all elevated in obesity and correlate with several markers of adipocyte mass. These mediators have detrimental effects on hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, thromboembolic phenomena, infections, and cancer. Weight loss results in a reduction of inflammatory mediators and a diminution of the associated co-morbid conditions.Conclusions The success of weight loss surgery in treating the complications associated with obesity is most probably related to the reduction of inflammatory mediators. While some aspects of bariatric physiology remain unclear, there appears to be a strong association between obesity and inflammation, thereby rendering obesity a chronic inflammatory state. A clearer understanding of the physiology of obesity will allow physicians who treat the obese to develop better strategies to promote weight loss and improve the well-being of millions of individuals.

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Authors: Cottam, D. R., Mattar, S. G., Barinas-Mitchell, E., Eid, G., Kuller, L., Kelley, D. E., & Schauer, P. R.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: Cottam, Daniel R.
Mattar, Samer G.
Kuller, Lewis
Kelley, David E.
Schauer, Philip R.
Venue: Obesity Surgery
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-05-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: 589-600
ISSN: 0960-8923 (ISSN-L)
1708-0428
DOI: 10.1381/096089204323093345
OpenAlex: W2166558587
Cited by: 461
References: 150
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 19.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Obesity Surgery (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Keywords: obesity, chronic inflammation
MeSH terms: Acute-Phase Proteins, Adipose Tissue, Angiotensin II, Angiotensinogen, C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Lymphotoxin-alpha, Morbidity, Obesity, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Weight Loss, Interleukin-6

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The Chronic Inflammatory Hypothesis for the Morbidity Associated with Morbid Obesity: Implications and Effects of Weight Loss

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