Higher Inflammatory Marker Levels in Older Persons: Associations With 5-Year Change in Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that higher levels of inflammatory markers are associated with physical decline in older persons, possibly through the catabolic effects of inflammatory markers on muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum levels of inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass and strength in older persons. METHODS: Using data on 2,177 men and women in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, we examined 5-year change in thigh muscle area estimated by computed tomography and grip and knee extensor strength in relation to serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and soluble receptors (measured in a subsample) at baseline. RESULTS: Higher levels of inflammatory markers were generally associated with greater 5-year decline in thigh muscle area. Most associations, with the exception of soluble receptors, were attenuated by adjustment for 5-year change in weight. Higher TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 soluble receptor levels remained associated with greater decline in grip strength in men. Analyses in a subgroup of weight-stable persons showed that higher levels of TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors were associated with 5-year decline in thigh muscle area and that higher levels of TNF-alpha were associated with decline in grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors showed the most consistent associations with decline in muscle mass and strength. The results suggest a weight-associated pathway for inflammation in sarcopenia.
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Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
“Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and clinical trials suggest that this association is causal.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Inflammageing is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia.
“Inflammageing is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia, but whether modulating inflammation beneficially affects the clinical course of non-CVD health problems is controversial.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Epidemiological studies have found inflammageing is a risk factor for CVD, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dementia, depression, multimorbidity, mobility disability, ADL disability, sarcopenia, frailty, and premature death.
“Epidemiological studies have found that inflammageing is a risk factor for CVD, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and depression as well for global indicators of poor health status, such as multimorbidity, mobility disability and disability in activities of daily living, sarcopenia, frailty, and premature death9–19.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Schaap, L. A., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Colbert, L. H., Pahor, M., Rubin, S. M., Tylavsky, F. A., Visser, M., & Study, F. T. H. A.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-07-21
- Volume
- 64A
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1183-1189
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC2759573
- OpenAlex
- W2159718291
- Cited by
- 683
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 15.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (N01-AG-6-2103, N01‐AG‐6‐2106, N01-AG-6-2101)
- National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, N01AG62106, N01-AG-62103, P30AG028740, P30AG021332)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- inflammatory markers, sarcopenia, muscle mass loss, muscle strength, older adults, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, soluble receptor, thigh muscle area, grip strength, quadriceps strength, weight change, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Humans, Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Linear Models, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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