Smelling sounds: Olfactory-auditory sensory convergence in the olfactory tubercle
Open accessAbstract
Historical and psychophysical literature has demonstrated a perceptual interplay between olfactory and auditory stimuli-the neural mechanisms of which are not understood. Here, we report novel findings revealing that the early olfactory code is subjected to auditory cross-modal influences. In vivo extracellular recordings from the olfactory tubercle, a trilaminar structure within the basal forebrain, of anesthetized mice revealed that olfactory tubercle single units selectively respond to odors-with 65% of units showing significant odor-evoked activity. Remarkably, 19% of olfactory tubercle single units also showed robust responses to an auditory tone. Furthermore, 29% of single units tested displayed supraadditive or suppressive responses to the simultaneous presentation of odor and tone, suggesting cross-modal modulation. In contrast, olfactory bulb units did not show significant responses to tone presentation nor modulation of odor-evoked activity by tone-suggesting a lack of olfactory-auditory convergence upstream from the olfactory tubercle. Thus, the tubercle presents itself as a source for direct multimodal convergence within an early stage of odor processing and may serve as a seat for psychophysical interactions between smells and sounds.
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Wesson and Wilson discovered direct connections between the ear and the olfactory tubercule in mice.
“Wesson and Wilson's [160] surprising discovery of direct connections between the ear and the olfactory tubercule in mice”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [160]
The Abstract and Discussion report that olfactory-tubercle neurons in anesthetized mice responded to sounds, supporting auditory–olfactory convergence. But the Introduction describes possible routes for auditory information, and the study does not establish a direct anatomical connection between the ear and the olfactory tubercle. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Multisensory Integration of Natural Odors and Sounds in the Auditory Cortex
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“Such a suggestion is inspired by Wesson and Wilson’s [159] surprising discovery of direct connections between the ear and the olfactory tubercule in mice (see Reference [160] for a review of the multiple functions of the olfactory tubercule).”
BackgroundA Fruity Note: Crossmodal associations between odors and musical notes
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- Authors
- Wesson, D. W., & Wilson, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-02-24
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3013-3021
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2846283
- OpenAlex
- W2017799956
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC-003906, R01DC003906)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- olfactory tubercle, cross-modal interaction, odor-evoked activity, single-unit responses, olfactory bulb, multimodal sensory integration, olfactory processing, mice
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Action Potentials, Animals, Association, Auditory Pathways, Auditory Perception, Auditory Threshold, Electrophysiology, Hearing, Male, Odorants, Olfactory Pathways, Psychophysics, Sensory Receptor Cells, Smell, Structure-Activity Relationship, Mice, Olfactory Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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