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Cited by 151Hormonal and reproductive studiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsSperm and Testicular Function

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Low testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels and high estradiol levels are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes in men

Vikan, Torkel, Schirmer, Henrik, Njølstad, Inger, Svartberg, Johan·2010·European Journal of Endocrinology
DOI 10.1530/eje-09-0943
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Abstract

Objective: To study the impact of endogenous sex hormone levels in community-dwelling men on later risk for type 2 diabetes. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study. Methods: For the analyses, 1454 men who participated in the fourth Tromsø study (1994–1995) were used. Cases of diabetes were retrieved and validated until 31.12.05 following a detailed protocol. The prospective association between sex hormones and diabetes was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, allowing for multivariate adjustments. Results: There was a significantly lowered multi-adjusted risk for later diabetes with higher normal total testosterone levels, both linearly per s.d. increase (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.92) and in the higher quartiles of total testosterone than in the lowest quartiles (HR 0.53, CI 0.33–0.84). A reduced multi-adjusted risk for incident diabetes was also found for men with higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, both linearly per s.d. increase (HR 0.55, CI 0.39–0.79) and when comparing the third (HR 0.38, CI 0.18–0.81) and the fourth quartile (HR 0.37, CI 0.17–0.82) to the lowest quartile. The associations with total testosterone and SHBG were no longer significant after inclusion of waist circumference to the multivariate models. Estradiol (E 2) was positively associated with incident diabetes after multivariate adjustments including waist circumference when comparing the second (HR 0.49, CI 0.26–0.93) and the third (HR 0.51, CI 0.27–0.96) quartile to the highest quartile. Conclusion: Men with higher E 2 levels had an increased risk of later diabetes independent of obesity, while men with lower total testosterone and SHBG had an increased risk of diabetes that appeared to be dependent on obesity.

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Metadata

Authors
Vikan, T., Schirmer, H., Njølstad, I., & Svartberg, J.
Affiliations
  • University Hospital of North Norway (NO)
  • UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
Corresponding author
Vikan, Torkel
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2010-04
Volume
162
Issue
4
Pages
747-754
ISSN
  • 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-683X
DOI
10.1530/eje-09-0943
OpenAlex
W2111837311
Cited by
151
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 18
FWCI
11.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, sex hormones, men, diabetes risk, waist circumference, obesity, Tromsø Study
MeSH terms
Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Estradiol, Humans, Male, Norway, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Triglycerides, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference

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