Testosterone supplementation in men with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency
Open accessAbstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of oral testosterone supplementation therapy on glucose homeostasis, obesity and sexual function in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes and mild androgen deficiency. Forty-eight middle-aged men, with type 2 diabetes, (visceral) obesity and symptoms of androgen deficiency, were included in this open-label study. Twenty-four subjects received testosterone undecanoate (TU; 120 mg daily, for 3 months); 24 subjects received no treatment. Body composition was analyzed by bio-impedance. Parameters of metabolic control were determined. Symptoms of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction were scored by self-administered questionnaires. TU had a positive effect on (visceral) obesity: statistically significant reduction in body weight (2.66%), waist-hip ratio (-3.96%) and body fat (-5.65%); negligible changes were found in the control group. TU significantly improved metabolic control: decrease in blood glucose values and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (from 10.4 to 8.6%). TU treatment significantly improved symptoms of androgen deficiency (including erectile dysfunction), with virtually no change in the control group. There were no adverse effects on blood pressure or hematological, biochemical and lipid parameters, and no adverse events. Oral TU treatment of type 2 diabetic men with androgen deficiency improves glucose homeostasis and body composition (decrease in visceral obesity), and improves symptoms of androgen deficiency (including erectile dysfunction). In these men, the benefit of testosterone supplementation therapy exceeds the correction of symptoms of androgen deficiency and also includes glucose homeostasis and metabolic control.
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Effects of testosterone on glycemic control become evident only after 3-12 months.
“Insulin sensitivity may improve within few days, but effects on glycemic control become evident only after 3–12 months.”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Testosterone treatment decreases waist hip ratio after 3 months or after 6 months and 30 weeks.
“and a decrease in the waist hip ratio after 3 months (31, 36) or after 6 months and 30 weeks respectively (17).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
HbA1c declines after 3 months of testosterone treatment, with further decrease after 12 months.
“A decline in HbA1c was observed after 3 months (31, 36, 43) with further decrease after 12 months (43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Serum glucose is reduced after 3 months of testosterone administration in men with impaired glucose tolerance.
“Several studies indicate that upon testosterone administration, serum glucose is reduced after 3 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance (31, 36, 43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Decrease in fatigue and listlessness occurs after 1 month or 6 weeks of testosterone treatment.
“A decrease in fatigue and listlessness was found after 1 month (31) or 6 weeks (68).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
Several studies on carotid artery atherosclerosis have demonstrated an inverse relationship between testosterone level and degree of atherogenesis.
“Several studies on carotid artery atherosclerosis have demonstrated an inverse relationship between level of T and degree of atherogenesis [8,10].”
Two studies in type 2 diabetic men have shown an improvement in glycemic control with testosterone replacement therapy.
“Two studies in type 2 diabetic men have shown an improvement in glycemic control (26,27) with testosterone replacement therapy”
From Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes (2007) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Boyanov, M. A., Boneva, Z., & Christov, V. G.
- Affiliations
- Alexandrovska Hospital (BG)
- Ministry of Interior (BG)
- ORCID
- Boyanov, M. A.
- Venue
- The Aging Male
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 1368-5538 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0790
- OpenAlex
- W2134451964
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Aging Male (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- testosterone supplementation, testosterone undecanoate, type 2 diabetes, androgen deficiency, visceral obesity, glucose homeostasis, HbA1c, erectile dysfunction, body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, middle-aged men
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Homeostasis, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Libido, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Testosterone, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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