European survey of diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome: results of the ESE PCOS Special Interest Group's Questionnaire
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Background: There is evidence for differences between endocrinologists and other specialists in their approach to diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective: A mailed survey consisting of a simple questionnaire aiming to understand current practice for diagnosis and management of the PCOS by specialists across Europe. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions grouped to achieve information on i) the general characteristics of the respondents, ii) patients with PCOS seen by endocrinologists, iii) the main diagnostic criteria, iv) biochemical parameters used in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, v) long-term concerns, and, finally vi) treatment choices. A total of 357 questionnaires representing 13.3% of the members of European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) were available for final analysis; 93% of the respondents were endocrinologists Results: In relation to the diagnostic criteria, respondents were most likely to select menstrual irregularity as the most frequent criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS although very high rates were achieved for the use of hirsutism and biochemical hyperandrogenism. It therefore appears that the NIH criteria were followed by the majority of respondents. The most frequent biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism were total testosterone or free androgen index. Obesity and type 2 diabetes were regarded as the principal long-term concerns for PCOS. The most common treatments for patients with PCOS were metformin (33%), lifestyle modification (25%), and oral contraceptives (22%). More direct treatments of infertility include clomiphene citrate alone or in combination with metformin, prescribed by 9 and 23%, respectively, whereas only 6% used other methods for induction of ovulation. Conclusion: The survey produced by ESE is a good start for evaluating the perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS by endocrinologists in Europe.
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In a survey by the European Society of Endocrinology PCOS Special Interest Group, metformin was indicated as the respondent first choice for the overall treatment of PCOS.
“In a survey performed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) PCOS Special Interest Group [46] on a group of experts mainly composed of endocrinologists, metformin was indicated as the respondent first choice for the overall treatment of PCOS.”
From From Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle and Pharmacological Management (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Conway, G., Dewailly, D., Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Franks, S., Gambineri, A., Kelestimur, F., Macut, D., Micic, D., Pasquali, R., Pfeifer, M., Pignatelli, D., Pugeat, M., & Yildiz, B. O.
- Affiliations
- University College Hospital (GB)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Pasquali, Renato
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 489-498
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2131001475
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Hacettepe University Institutional Repository (hacettepe.edu.tr) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS diagnosis, PCOS management, diagnostic criteria, NIH criteria, hyperandrogenism, differential diagnosis, metformin, lifestyle modification, oral contraceptives, clomiphene citrate, infertility treatment, obesity, type 2 diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Androgens, Clomiphene, Contraceptives, Oral, Diagnosis, Differential, Endocrinology, Europe, Female, Fertility Agents, Female, Hirsutism, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Menstruation Disturbances, Metformin, Middle Aged, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Surveys and Questionnaires, Societies, Medical, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Hyperandrogenism, Health Care Surveys, Risk Reduction Behavior
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