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Cited by 117Impact of Technology on AdolescentsPersonality Traits and PsychologySexuality, Behavior, and Technology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 55 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

The dark side of internet: Preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use

Open access
Kircaburun, Kagan, Griffiths, Mark D.·2018·Journal of Behavioral Addictions
DOI 10.1556/2006.7.2018.109PMC PMC6376394
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Abstract

Background and aims: Research has shown that personality traits play an important role in problematic internet use (PIU). However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of dark traits with specific online activities (i.e., social media, gaming, gambling, shopping, and sex) and PIU. Methods: A total of 772 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis and a multiple mediation model indicated that being male was positively associated with higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling, and negatively associated with social media and online shopping. Narcissism was related to higher social media use; Machiavellianism was related to higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling; sadism was related to online sex; and spitefulness was associated with online sex, online gambling, and online shopping. Finally, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were directly and indirectly associated with PIU via online gambling, online gaming, and online shopping, and narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use. Discussion: Findings of this preliminary study show that individuals high in dark personality traits may be more vulnerable in developing problematic online use and that further research is warranted to examine the associations of dark personality traits with specific types of problematic online activities.

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study of 772 Turkish university students found that dark personality traits were differentially linked to specific online activities, and some traits were directly and indirectly associated with problematic internet use through those activities. Machiavellianism and spitefulness had direct and indirect associations with PIU via gambling/gaming or gambling/shopping, while narcissism was indirectly associated via social media.

Key findings

  • Being male was positively associated with online gaming (β = 0.35, p < .001), online sex (β = 0.42, p < .001), and online gambling (β = 0.19, p < .001), and negatively with social media (β = −0.16, p < .001) and online shopping (β = −0.13, p < .001); age was associated only with social media use (β = −0.16, p < .001).
  • Narcissism was related to social media use (β = 0.18, p < .001); Machiavellianism was associated with online gaming (β = 0.11, p < .05), online sex (β = 0.09, p < .05), and online gambling (β = 0.14, p < .01); sadism was associated with online sex (β = 0.12, p < .01); spitefulness was associated with online sex (β = 0.10, p < .05), online gambling (β = 0.16, p < .001), and online shopping (β = 0.15, p < .01). Psychopathy was not significantly associated with any specific online activity in the reported hierarchical regressions.
  • In the mediation model, Machiavellianism was directly and indirectly associated with PIU through online gambling and online gaming (total β = 0.12, p < .05); narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use (β = 0.09, p < .05); spitefulness was directly and indirectly associated with PIU through online gambling and online shopping (β = 0.18, p < .001). The model explained 21% of the variance in PIU.
  • H1 and H3 were partially supported, while findings were not in line with H2.

Methods

  • Cross-sectional, paper-and-pencil self-report survey of 772 Turkish university students (64% female), aged 18–28 years (mean = 20.72, SD = 2.30).
  • Measures included the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Bergen Internet Addiction Scale); a personal information form assessed online gambling, gaming, shopping, social media, and sex use.
  • Analyses used hierarchical regression to predict specific online activities while controlling for gender and age, and a saturated multiple mediation model in AMOS with 5,000 bootstrapped samples and 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals.

Limitations

  • The paper states that data came from self-report questionnaires in a self-selected sample, which are prone to well-known biases; the cross-sectional design prevents drawing causal relationships; and the sample was Turkish undergraduates from a single university, limiting generalizability.
  • The paper also states that most effect sizes between variables were small and describes the study as preliminary.
  • Evident from the text: psychopathy was included in the models but showed no significant associations in the reported regression or mediation results, and the mediation findings cannot establish temporal ordering beyond the authors’ cross-sectional design limitation.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1556/2006.7.2018.109

Cites

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  • It may state two separate claims as one. 18
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
  • Not yet classified. 1
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 15
32 of 32

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Engaging in online activities relates to higher problematic internet use and accounts for the relationships between dark personality traits and problematic internet use.

    “Therefore, it may be that engaging in these aforementioned online activities relate to higher PIU and account for the relationships between dark personality traits and PIU. Some empirical evidence appears to support this assumption”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No study has ever considered five different traits (the Dark Triad plus sadism and spitefulness) with uses of different online activities and problematic internet use simultaneously.

    “However, no study has ever considered five different traits (i.e., the Dark Triad in addition to sadism and spitefulness) with uses of different online activities and PIU simultaneously.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The relationship between dark personality traits and problematic internet use has yet to be investigated.

    “However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    This study is the first to investigate the direct and indirect associations of dark personality traits with problematic Internet use through specific online activities.

    “To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the direct and indirect associations of dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) with PIU through specific online activities (i.e., social media, online gaming, online gambling, online shopping, and online sex).”
    “Despite the limitations, this is the first study to examine the relationships between dark personality traits, specific online activities, and PIU.”
4 of 4

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Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Social-media skewness is impossible given its mean and scale

    Minor

    Social-media use was rated on a five-point scale, so a score cannot exceed 5. With a mean of 4.23 and SD of 1.01, its skewness cannot exceed (5 − 4.23)/1.01 ≈ 0.76; the table reports 1.80.

1 of 1

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Metadata

Authors
Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D.
Affiliations
  • 1 Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
  • Nottingham Trent University (GB)
ORCID
Griffiths, Mark D.
Venue
Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Publisher
Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Published
2018-11-14
Volume
7
Issue
4
Pages
993-1003
ISSN
  • 2062-5871 (ISSN-L)
  • 2063-5303
DOI
10.1556/2006.7.2018.109
PMC
PMC6376394
OpenAlex
W2900814476
Semantic Scholar
ed7facb6071eff9828e7f4cefc2a6b4382ea2b6a
Cited by
117
References
84
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
FWCI
19.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Behavioral Addictions (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
  • Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
  • DSpace - Düzce (Duzce University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Keywords
dark personality traits, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness, problematic internet use, online games, online gambling, online sex, social media use, online shopping, sexual addiction, gender differences, university students
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Consumer Behavior, Female, Gambling, Humans, Machiavellianism, Male, Narcissism, Sadism, Sexual Behavior, Sex Factors, Students, Turkey, Universities, Behavior, Addictive, Video Games, Internet, Young Adult, Social Media

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