The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad
Abstract
There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test-retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad.
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The Dirty Dozen Dark Triad achieved good internal consistency α = 0.83 overall, for psychopathy α = 0.63, Machiavellianism α = 0.72, and narcissism α = 0.79.
“Overall, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen achieved good internal consistency α = 0.83, for psychopathy α = 0.63, Machiavellianism α = 0.72, and narcissism α = 0.79.”
From Dark Personality Traits and Online Behaviors: Portuguese Versions of Cyberstalking, Online Harassment, Flaming and Trolling Scales (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
A recent meta-analysis revealed different degrees of overlaps for different DT measures: the SD3 incorporates more components of psychopathy, whereas the Dirty Dozen shows more overlap with Machiavellianism and narcissism.
“A recent meta-analysis revealed different degrees of overlaps for different DT measures: the SD3 incorporates more components of psychopathy, whereas the Dirty Dozen (53) shows more overlap with Machiavellianism and narcissism (13)”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of West Florida (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-432
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2075524384
- Cited by
- 2,093
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 221 · 2025: 237 · 2024: 209 · 2023: 238 · 2022: 195 · 2021: 185 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 24.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Dark Triad, narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, scale development, psychometric validation, short-term mating, aggression, dark personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Conscience, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Humans, Machiavellianism, Male, Middle Aged, Narcissism, Neurotic Disorders, Personality, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Distribution
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