pH-sensitive polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid hydrogels: impact of material parameters on swelling and drug release
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In this study, we fabricated pH-sensitive polyvinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid (PVP/AA) hydrogels by a free-radical polymerisation method with variation in the content of monomer, polymer and cross-linking agent. Swelling was performed in USP phosphate buffer solutions of pH 1.2, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 with constant ionic strength. Network structure was evaluated by different parameters and FTIR confirmed the formation of cross-linked hydrogels. X-ray crystallography showed molecular dispersion of tramadol HCl. A drug release study was carried out in phosphate buffer solutions of pH 1.2, 5.5 and 7.5 for selected samples. It was observed that swelling and drug release from hydrogels can be modified by changing composition and degree of cross-linking of the hydrogels under investigation. Swelling coefficient was high at higher pH values except for the one containing high PVP content. Drug release increased by increasing the pH of the medium and AA contents in hydrogels while increasing the concentration of cross-linking agent had the opposite effect. Analysis of the drug release mechanism revealed non-Fickian transport of tramadol from the hydrogels.
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All THC peaks disappeared in THC-loaded hydrogels, confirming dispersion of the drug in the formulation network in its amorphous form.
“All these peaks disappeared in THC-loaded hydrogels confirming the dispersion of the drug in the formulation network in its amorphous form (Sohail et al., 2014).”
From A novel pH-responsive hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum and acrylic acid: Preparation and evaluation as a potential candidate for controlled drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as Sohail et al., 2014
The X-ray diffraction section reports that crystalline peaks disappear in drug-loaded hydrogels, indicating an amorphous drug form. However, the drug studied is tramadol, not THC; the passage does not establish this result for THC-loaded hydrogels. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncreased cross-linking agent increased physical entanglement among polymer chains, resulting in a compact less porous structure leading to less swelling, less loading and release of drug from PAG-co-AA hydrogels.
“It is because increased cross-linking agent increased the physical entanglement among polymer chains resulting a compact less porous structure leading to less swelling, less loading and release of drug (Sohail et al., 2014).”
From A novel pH-responsive hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum and acrylic acid: Preparation and evaluation as a potential candidate for controlled drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as Sohail et al., 2014
The Porosity, swelling-behaviour, and drug-loading/release sections report that increasing cross-linker in PVP/AA hydrogels reduces porosity, swelling, drug loading, and release. They explain this through increased cross-linking density and smaller mesh size, not increased physical entanglement; the paper studies PVP/AA rather than the PAG-co-AA hydrogels named in the claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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pH-sensitive hydrogel from Colocasia esculenta mucilage for controlled tramadol release
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- Authors
- Sohail, K., Khan, I. U., Shahzad, Y., Hussain, T., & Ranjha, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Bahauddin Zakariya University (PK)
- Government College University, Faisalabad (PK)
- University of Huddersfield (GB)
- Venue
- Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 173-184
- ISSN
- 1984-8250 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099647123
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements
- Keywords
- pH-responsive hydrogels, polyvinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, radical polymerization, swelling behavior, drug release, tramadol hydrochloride, crosslink density, network structure, non-Fickian transport, controlled drug delivery
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