Current views on type 2 diabetes

Lin, Yi; Sun, Zhongjie

doi:10.1677/joe-09-0260

Cited by 457Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

Current views on type 2 diabetes

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Lin, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie·2010·Journal of Endocrinology

DOI 10.1677/joe-09-0260PMC PMC2814170

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects a large population worldwide. T2DM is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action and/or insulin secretion. T2DM causes dysfunctions in multiple organs or tissues. Current theories of T2DM include a defect in insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle, a dysfunction of the pancreatic β-cells, a disruption of secretory function of adipocytes, and an impaired insulin action in liver. The etiology of human T2DM is multifactorial, with genetic background and physical inactivity as two critical components. The pathogenesis of T2DM is not fully understood. Animal models of T2DM have been proved to be useful to study the pathogenesis of, and to find a new therapy for, the disease. Although different animal models share similar characteristics, each mimics a specific aspect of genetic, endocrine, metabolic, and morphologic changes that occur in human T2DM. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent progress and current theories in T2DM and to summarize animal models for studying the pathogenesis of the disease.

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T2D is characterised by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased pancreatic alpha-cell function, and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
“T2D is characterised by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased pancreatic alpha-cell function, and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
The consensus in the literature is that T2D clinical manifestation is provoked by peripheral tissue insulin resistance, which is in turn, usually induced by obesity.
“The consensus in the literature is that T2D clinical manifestation is provoked by peripheral tissue insulin resistance, which is in turn, usually induced by obesity.6,30,94”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
It is correct to state that peripheral tissue insulin resistance is pathological in T2D as it contributes to the disease phenotype.
“However, it is correct to state that peripheral tissue insulin resistance is pathological in T2D as it contributes to the disease phenotype.30,47”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
Pathological pancreatic function and peripheral tissue insulin resistance are central to T2D aetiology/pathogenesis.
“Whilst it is firmly established that pathological pancreatic function and peripheral tissue insulin resistance are central to T2D aetiology/pathogenesis, there is increasing evidence that other extrapancreatic pathologies may contribute.30,191,192”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
Other extrapancreatic pathologies may contribute to T2D.
“Whilst it is firmly established that pathological pancreatic function and peripheral tissue insulin resistance are central to T2D aetiology/pathogenesis, there is increasing evidence that other extrapancreatic pathologies may contribute.30,191,192”
From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [30]

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Authors: Lin, Y., & Sun, Z.
Affiliations: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
ORCID: Sun, Zhongjie
Venue: Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher: Bioscientifica
Published: 2009-09-18
Volume: 204
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
1479-6805
DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0260
PMC: PMC2814170
OpenAlex: W2135326009
Cited by: 457
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 3.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL077490, HL-077490)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, pathogenesis, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, adipocyte dysfunction, muscle glucose uptake, genetic susceptibility, physical inactivity, animal models of diabetes
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Transport, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrinology, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Liver, Signal Transduction, Adipocytes, Insulin-Secreting Cells

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