The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders
Open accessAbstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41 amino acid-containing peptide, appears to mediate not only the endocrine but also the autonomic and behavioral responses to stress. Stress, in particular early-life stress such as childhood abuse and neglect, has been associated with a higher prevalence rate of affective and anxiety disorders in adulthood. In the present review, we describe the evidence suggesting that CRF is hypersecreted from hypothalamic as well as from extrahypothalamic neurons in depression, resulting in hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of CRF. This increase in CRF neuronal activity is also believed to mediate certain of the behavioral symptoms of depression involving sleep and appetite disturbances, reduced libido, and psychomotor changes. The hyperactivity of CRF neuronal systems appears to be a state marker for depression because HPA axis hyperactivity normalizes following successful antidepressant treatment. Similar biochemical and behavioral findings have been observed in adult rats and monkeys that have been subjected to early-life stress. In contrast, clinical studies have not revealed any consistent changes in CSF CRF concentrations in patients with anxiety disorders; however, preclinical findings strongly implicate a role for CRF in the pathophysiology of certain anxiety disorders, probably through its effects on central noradrenergic systems. The findings reviewed here support the hypothesis that CRF receptor antagonists may represent a novel class of antidepressants and/or anxiolytics.
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“Alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the most notable neurobiological findings in psychiatry (1, 2).”
From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
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“An important interplay is also the excitatory reciprocal interaction between the HPA axis and the brainstem sympathetic locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system: CRH activates the LC; in turn, NE, a known wake-promoting neurotransmitter, activates hypothalamic CRH [9, 10].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [10]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 14
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Metadata
- Authors
- Arborelius, L., Owens, M., Plotsky, P., & Nemeroff, C.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2143629083
- Cited by
- 1,378
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swedish Institute
- National Institutes of Health (DS-08705, MH-42088)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042088, MH-50113, MH42088, R01MH050113)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, depression, anxiety disorders, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, early life stress, childhood abuse and neglect, CRF receptor antagonists, antidepressants, anxiolytics, noradrenergic system, psychomotor changes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Preschool, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Depression, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infant, Maternal Deprivation, Neurons, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Rats
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