Variation in phytoecdysteroid accumulation in seeds and shoots of Spinacia oleracea L. accessions

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Accessions NSL 92513 ('Bloomsdale Long-Standing') and PI 606707 ('America') had the highest and lowest phytoecdysteroid content per dry mass of shoots, respectively.

“('America') had the highest and lowest phytoecdysteroid content per dry mass of shoots, respectively.”

May combine two claims.

Accession NSL 92513 also had the highest phytoecdysteroid content per gram seed and per seed.

“Accession NSL 92513 also had the highest phytoecdysteroid content per gram seed and per seed.”

May combine two claims.

Accessions PI 531456 ('Popey') and PI 606707 ('America') had the highest and lowest phytoecdysteroid content per shoot, respectively.

“Accessions PI 531456 ('Popey') and PI 606707 ('America') had the highest and lowest phytoecdysteroid content per shoot, respectively”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Cholesterol comprised 2.2% of total phytosterols in spinach shoots.

“Other common phytosterols accumulated lower levels, including 5-dihydroergosterol (6.3%), 22dihydrospinasterol (4.6%), stigmasterol (2.4%), and cholesterol (2.2%).”

May combine two claims.

The significant correlations between seed and shoot phytoecdysteroid accumulation were driven by an outlier; when the outlier was removed, the correlations were no longer significant.

“However, the significant correlation was driven by an outlier and when this data point was removed, the Pearson's correlation coefficients were no longer significant.”

May combine two claims.

Lathosterol was not detected likely because it did not accumulate and was subsequently metabolized, as reported by Grebenok and Adler (1993).

“However, Grebenok and Adler (1993) also reported that lathosterol did not accumulate and instead was subsequently metabolized, which likely explains why lathosterol was not identified in this analysis.”

• cites Grebenok and Adler, 1993Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Phytoecdysteroids are biosynthesized from phytosterols through the mevalonic acid pathway.

“Phytoecdysteroids are polyhydroxylated triterpenoids biosynthesized from phytosterols through the mevalonic acid pathway (Adler and Grebenok, 1999).”

• cites Adler and Grebenok, 1999Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Within a plant species, the phytoecdysteroid content in seeds may provide a gauge of the foliar content for the plant.

“Within a plant species, the phytoecdysteroid content in seeds may provide a gauge of the foliar content for the plant (Dinan et al., 2001b).”

• cites Dinan et al., 2001bNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In spinach, phytoecdysteroids are actively biosynthesized in older leaves and transported to newly developing apical parts of the plant, including flowers, seeds, and young leaves.

“In spinach, phytoecdysteroids are actively biosynthesized in older leaves and transported to newly developing apical parts of the plant, including flowers, seeds, and young leaves (Bakrim et al., 2008).”

• cites Bakrim et al., 2008Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Manipulation of phytosterol biosynthesis may help to elucidate regulation of phytoecdysteroid biosynthesis.

“Additionally, manipulation of phytosterol biosynthesis may help to elucidate regulation of phytoecdysteroid biosynthesis.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

All data were normalized to the internal standard lathosterol to allow comparison between samples.

“To allow comparison between samples, all data were normalized to the internal standard, lathosterol (Sigma), which was not detected in preliminary extracts of this accession.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In an evaluation of 180 randomly selected plant species, phytoecdysteroids were more readily detected in leaves than in seeds; however, the highest levels of phytoecdysteroids were detected only for species that were also positive for phytoecdysteroids in the seeds.

“In an evaluation of 180 randomly selected plant species, phytoecdysteroids were more readily detected in leaves than in seeds; however, the highest levels of phytoecdysteroids were detected only for species that were also positive for phytoecdysteroids in the seeds (Dinan et al., 2001b).”

• cites Dinan et al., 2001bNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Similar relationships between secondary compound accumulation in seed and vegetative tissues have been demonstrated for aliphatic glucosinolates, which were correlated in 35 different Arabidopsis ecotypes.

“Similar relationships between secondary compound accumulation in seed and vegetative tissues have been demonstrated for aliphatic glucosinolates, which were correlated in 35 different Arabidopsis ecotypes (Kliebenstein et al., 2001).”

• cites Kliebenstein et al., 2001Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A 100% recovery rate was achieved for the lathosterol internal standard.

“Lathosterol was added immediately before the derivatization procedure at 1 mgÁmL -1 in each chromatogram and a 100% recovery rate was achieved.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Lanosterol synthase genes have been induced by methyl jasmonate, suggesting that secondary metabolites produced through the lanosterol pathway may contribute to plant defense.

“Lanosterol synthase genes have been induced by methyl jasmonate, suggesting that secondary metabolites produced through the lanosterol pathway may contribute to plant defense (Ohyama et al., 2009;Suzuki et al., 2006).”

• cites Ohyama et al., 2009Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Suzuki et al., 2006Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Levels of total phytosterols increased or decreased in coordination with phytoecdysteroid levels during the growth and development of spinach.

“Levels of total phytosterols increased or decreased in coordination with phytoecdysteroid levels during the growth and development of spinach (Grebenok et al., 1991).”

• cites Grebenok et al., 1991Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

For Chenopodium species, if phytoecdysteroids were detected in the seed, they were consistently detected in the germinated plant foliage.

“For Chenopodium species, if phytoecdysteroids were detected in the seed, they were consistently detected in the germinated plant foliage (Dinan, 1992).”

• cites Dinan, 1992Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In higher plants, there are two biosynthetic pathways for phytosterol biosynthesis, through cycloartenol or through lanosterol.

“In higher plants, there are two biosynthetic pathways for phytosterol biosynthesis, through cycloartenol or through lanosterol (Benveniste, 2004).”

• cites Benveniste, 2004Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Lanosterol synthase genes were only recently identified in dicotyledonous plants.

“Lanosterol synthase genes were only recently identified in dicotyledonous plants (previously only found in animals and fungi).”

• cites Ohyama et al., 2009Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Suzuki et al., 2006Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In an excised leaf assay, [2-14C] mevalonic acid was incorporated into the phytosterol lathosterol before incorporation into 20E and other phytoecdysteroids.

“In an excised leaf assay, [2-14 C] mevalonic acid was incorporated into the phytosterol lathosterol before incorporation into 20E and other phytoecdysteroids (Grebenok and Adler, 1993).”

• cites Grebenok and Adler, 1993Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Lathosterol was not detected in preliminary extracts of this accession.

“which was not detected in preliminary extracts of this accession.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Extracted sterol samples were prepared and analyzed in triplicate.

“Extracted sterol samples were prepared and analyzed in triplicate by the Metabolomics Center in the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.”