Ecdysteroid biosynthesis during the ontogeny of spinach leaves
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The 20-hydroxyecdysone content in quinoa seeds ranges from 70 to 800 μg/g and in spinach ranges from 4 to 800 μg/g fresh weight and 17 to 885 μg/g dry weight.
“The 20E content in quinoa seeds ranges from 70 to 800 μg/g and in spinach ranges from 4 to 800 μg/g fresh weight and 17 to 885 μg/g dry weight [22,36–38].”
From How reliable is the labeling of a commercial phytosteroid product? A 12-week randomized double-blind training study (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
In spinach, cotyledons and the first true leaves contain more PEs than the later leaves.
“In spinach, cotyledons and the first true leaves contain more PEs than the later leaves [21,22].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Plants produce ECs via mevalonic acid (MVA) and cholesterol.
“On the other hand, plants produce ECs via mevalonic acid (MVA) and cholesterol [21,22,115,116].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Invertebrates cannot synthesize ECs; rather, they consume phytosterols and convert them into ECs.
“Additionally, invertebrates cannot synthesize ECs; rather, they consume phytosterols and convert them into ECs.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
In Spinacia oleracea roots, PE production increases during pathogenic attack.
“In Spinacia oleracea roots, it has been found that PE production increases during pathogenic attack [21,22,149,150,151].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
PE biosynthesis increases during mechanical wounding or pathogenic attack.
“PEs provide plants tolerance against several soil nematodes and insects; thus, PE biosynthesis increases during mechanical wounding or pathogenic attack.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
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Ecdysteroid distribution during development of spinach
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Self-citationSterole in Blättern und Chloroplasten
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Phytoecdysteroids: Biological aspects
Dinan, L. (2001) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00078-4 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Phytoecdysteroids: A novel defense against plant-parasitic nematodes
Soriano, I. R., Riley, I. T., Potter, M. J., & Bowers, W. S. (2004) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000045584.56515.11 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review
Das, N., Mishra, S. K., Bishayee, A., Ali, E. S., & Bishayee, A. (2021) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.012 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Biosynthesis and distribution of insect-molting hormones in plants—A review
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Self-citationPhytoecdysteroids: Diversity, biosynthesis and distribution
Dinan, L., Harmatha, J., Volodin, V., & Lafont, R. (2009) · Ecdysone: Structures and Functions · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9112-4_1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Insect-Induced Synthesis of Phytoecdysteroids in Spinach, Spinacia oleracea
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Occurrence, biosynthesis, and putative role of ecdysteroids in plants
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Self-citationBiosynthesis of sterols and ecdysteroids in <i>Ajuga</i> hairy roots
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Biosynthesis of ecdysone and ecdysone phosphates in spinach
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Self-citationBiosynthesis of ecdysteroids in Zea mays
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Self-citationEfficient Extraction and Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Selected Ecdysteroids in Plants
Fang, X., Szołtysik, R., Tang, J., & Bajkacz, S. (2022) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104580 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Variation in phytoecdysteroid accumulation in seeds and shoots of Spinacia oleracea L. accessions
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Urinary Excretion of Ecdysterone and Its Metabolites Following Spinach Consumption
Yuliandra, T., Touvleliou, K., de la Torre, X., Botrè, F., Loke, S., Isenmann, E., Valder, S., Diel, P., & Parr, M. K. (2023) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202200518 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Phytoecdysteroid and Clerodane Content in Three Wild <i>Ajuga</i> Species in Israel
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“Studies on foods such as spinach or quinoa, which generally contain 20E, show that the concentration is highly dependent on various factors such as origin, genetics and environmental conditions [38,85–90].”
- Authors
- Grebenok, R. J., & Adler, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- ORCID
- Grebenok, Robert J.
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 341-347
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026573522
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- spinach, leaf ontogeny, mevalonate, lathosterol, sterol biosynthesis, polypodine B, 20-hydroxyecdysone, alpha-ecdysone, cotyledons
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