The Ecological Approach to the Visual Perception of Pictures
Abstract
Having rejected the picture theory of natural perception we can make a start on picture perception. To see the environment is to extract information from the ambient array of light. What is it, then, to see a picture of something? The information in ambient light does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants. Is it implied that the information in a picture does not consist of forms and colors but of invariants? That sounds very odd, for we suppose that a picture is entirely composed of forms and colors. The kind of vision we get from pictures is harder to understand than the kind we get from ambient light, not easier. It should be considered at the end of a treatise on perception, not at the beginning. It cannot be omitted, for pictures are an essential part of human life as much as
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Predicting affordance from visual observations is an essential ability for robots to plan their actions for interacting with real-world objects.
“Predicting affordance [10] from visual observations is an essential ability for robots to plan their actions for interacting with real-world objects.”
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Automated cueing (attention guidance) can lead operators to pay less attention to uncued areas of a display than is appropriate.
“Automated cueing (attention guidance) can lead operators to pay less attention to uncued areas of a display than is appropriate [61].”
From A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation (2000) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Gibson, J. J.
- Corresponding author
- Gibson, James J.
- Venue
- Leonardo
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1978
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 227
- ISSN
- 0024-094X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2324134362
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 137.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leonardo (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Visual Culture and Art Theory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- image perception, visual perception, ecological approach, invariants, visual information
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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