The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 172 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Ripple Effect: Emotional Contagion and its Influence on Group Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Group emotional contagion, the transfer of moods among people in a group, and its influence on work group dynamics was examined in a laboratory study of managerial decision making using multiple, convergent measures of mood, individual attitudes, behavior, and group-level dynamics. Using a 2 times 2 experimental design, with a trained confederate enacting mood conditions, the predicted effect of emotional contagion was found among group members, using both outside coders' ratings of participants' mood and participants' self-reported mood. No hypothesized differences in contagion effects due to the degree of pleasantness of the mood expressed and the energy level with which it was conveyed were found. There was a significant influence of emotional contagion on individual-level attitudes and group processes. As predicted, the positive emotional contagion group members experienced improved cooperation, decreased conflict, and increased perceived task performance. Theoretical implications and practical ramifications of emotional contagion in groups and organizations are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“That is, sensing anxiety from the employee and/or experiencing anxiety as a result of the employee's work-related resource allocation and lack of relationship engagement should facilitate contagion effects, where the employee's anxiety in the nonwork domain can be 'caught' by their significant others (Barsade, 2002; Boyar, Maertz, Pearson, & Keough, 2003).”
From Killing Me Softly: Organizational E-mail Monitoring Expectations’ Impact on Employee and Significant Other Well-Being (2021) · cites this paper as Barsade, 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Second, contagion can be strategic and conscious, when individuals deliberately align their emotional responses with a higher-status individual (e.g., a leader), following the logic of social comparison (Barsade, 2002).”
From The Groupfeel syndrome: a theory of a counterproductive group emotion (2026) · cites this paper as Barsade, 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“First, it can be automatic and unconscious, driven by mimicry and emotional empathy-individuals involuntarily mirror the sender's affective cues.”
From The Groupfeel syndrome: a theory of a counterproductive group emotion (2026) · cites this paper as Barsade, 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Taken together, these findings support the idea that the cooccurrence of high emotional intensity, positivity norms, and low collective EI creates a self-reinforcing affective configuration that increases the risk of impaired collective judgment.”
From The Groupfeel syndrome: a theory of a counterproductive group emotion (2026) · cites this paper as Barsade, 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This can further benefit organizations if emotions are transferred to others (Barsade, 2002).”
From The Participation of People with Disabilities in the Workplace Across the Employment Cycle: Employer Concerns and Research Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Barsade, 2002
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“members of ad-hoc laboratory groups containing a confederate of the experimenter who expressed different moods nonverbally came to experience similar moods as that individual”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Barsade 2002
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 24,532
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773
Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
(1994) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,542
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Davis, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 · Cited by 10,272
DESCARTES' ERROR: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Marg, E. (1995) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03988.x · Cited by 8,178
(1938) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 7,145
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751
Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2000) · Cited by 4,914
A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design
Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392563 · Cited by 4,372
Negativity Bias, Negativity Dominance, and Contagion
Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0504_2 · Cited by 4,342
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict
Jehn, K. A. (1995) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393638 · Cited by 4,050
The chameleon effect: the perception–behavior link and social interaction
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893 · Cited by 3,674
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975) · Cited by 3,569
Review of personality and social psychology
Davies, M. (1983) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90072-7 · Cited by 3,394
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Goldstein, H., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290750 · Cited by 3,320
Introducing Multilevel Modeling
Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998) · doi:10.4135/9781849209366 · Cited by 2,997
Frijda, N. H. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.43.5.349 · Cited by 2,724
(1982) · Houghton Mifflin eBooks · Cited by 2,650
Hatfield, E. C., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1993) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953 · Cited by 2,591
Being Different: Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment
Tsui, A. S., Egan, T. D., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1992) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393472 · Cited by 2,468
Organizational Behavior: Affect in the Workplace
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156 · Cited by 1,797
Beech, H. R. (1963) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(63)90032-1 · Cited by 1,679
George, J. M., & Brief, A. P. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.310 · Cited by 1,670
(1985) · Cited by 1,630
Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1995) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679504800201 · Cited by 1,480
Journal of Experimental Research in Personality
(1965) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2061296c0 · Cited by 1,426
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Katz, D. (1965) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0021466 · Cited by 1,407
SERVICE WITH A SMILE: EMOTIONAL CONTAGION IN THE SERVICE ENCOUNTER.
Pugh, S. D. (2001) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/3069445 · Cited by 1,393 · cited 2×
“…contagion process can work in the opposite direction as well: if a customer service worker is in a bad mood, he or she may transfer this negativity to the customer, leading the customer to feel dissatisfied, even if the employee was successful in the cognitive aspects of the encounter (Pugh, 2001).”
BackgroundPersonality, affect, and behavior in groups
George, J. M. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.107 · Cited by 1,372
Beyond Bipolar Conceptualizations and Measures: The Case of Attitudes and Evaluative Space
Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0101_2 · Cited by 1,306
Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders
Tuma, A. H., & Maser, J. D. (1990) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199001000-00015 · Cited by 1,296
The Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent: Managing Identification among Amway Distributors
Pratt, M. G. (2000) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667106 · Cited by 1,178
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-0601 · Cited by 1,155
Positive affect and decision making.
Isen, A. M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,135
Effect of feeling good on helping: cookies and kindness.
Isen, A., & Levin, P. F. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032317 · Cited by 1,130
Habitual routines in task-performing groups
Gersick, C. J. G., & Hackman, J. R. (1990) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(90)90047-d · Cited by 1,048
Hastorf, A. H., & Isen, A. M. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 1,033
The Journal of Psychophysiology:
Falkenstein, M. (2008) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.1 · Cited by 1,026
Mood and emotions in small groups and work teams
Kelly, J. R., & Barsade, S. G. (2001) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2974 · Cited by 1,011
Self-citationState or trait: Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work.
George, J. M. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.299 · Cited by 951
Scherer, K. R., & Ekman, P. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 912
Buck, R. W. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 874
MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO: THE INFLUENCE OF WORK GROUPS ON THE ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES.
Robinson, S. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (1998) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256963 · Cited by 872
Facial Reactions to Facial Expressions
Dimberg, U. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02516.x · Cited by 867
Discrimination and imitation of facial expression by neonates
Field, T. M., Woodson, R., Greenberg, R., & Cohen, D. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7123230 · Cited by 864
Employee Positive Emotion and Favorable Outcomes at the Workplace
Staw, B. M., Sutton, R. I., & Pelled, L. H. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.1.51 · Cited by 858
Reflections on shared cognition
Cannon‐Bowers, J. A., & Salas, E. (2001) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.82 · Cited by 855
"Mood contagion": The automatic transfer of mood between persons.
Neumann, R., & Strack, F. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.2.211 · Cited by 837
Affect, Cognition and Social Behavior
Chakravarti, D., Fiedler, K., Forgas, J. P., & Claxton, G. L. (1991) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172815 · Cited by 813
Carnevale, P. J. D., & Isen, A. M. (1986) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(86)90041-5 · Cited by 751 · cited 1×
“Carnevale and Isen (1986) found a similar result in a negotiation setting in which positive affect was associated with less contentious negotiating tactics.”
ResultChaplin, J. P. (2010) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 736
Affect and Managerial Performance: A Test of the Sadder-but-Wiser vs. Happier-and-Smarter Hypotheses
Staw, B. M., & Barsade, S. G. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393415 · Cited by 700
Self-citationFacial Efference And The Experience Of Emotion
Adelmann, P. K., & Zajonc, R. B. (1989) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001341 · Cited by 697
The Collective Construction of Work Group Moods
Bartel, C. A., & Saavedra, R. (2000) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667070 · Cited by 678
Nezlek, J. B. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201277001 · Cited by 676
The application of hierarchical linear modeling to organizational research.
Hofmann, D. A., Griffin, M. A., & Gavin, M. B. (2000) · Cited by 673
The Emotional Contagion Scale: A Measure of Individual Differences
Doherty, R. W. (1997) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1024956003661 · Cited by 665
Carroll, J. S., & Payne, J. W. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315802879 · Cited by 655
Levels of Analysis and the Organization of Affect
Rosenberg, E. L. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.247 · Cited by 611
To your heart's content: a model of affective diversity in top management teams
Barsade, S. G., Ward, A. J., Turner, J. D. F., & Sonnenfeld, J. A. (2000) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667020 · Cited by 599
Self-citationCoordinated movement and rapport in teacher–student interactions
Bernieri, F. J. (1988) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00986930 · Cited by 590
Jehn, K. A., & Shah, P. P. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.775 · Cited by 581
Totterdell, P. (2000) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.848 · Cited by 525
Parkinson, B. (1996) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x · Cited by 521
Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance sales agents.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Schulman, P. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.4.832 · Cited by 505
Primitive emotional contagion.
Hatfield, E. C., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1992) · Cited by 498
Forgas, J. P. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.565 · Cited by 492
The charismatic leader: behind the mystique of exceptional leadership
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-5197 · Cited by 482
Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. R. (1987) · Cited by 476
Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00225-6 · Cited by 475
Socially Shared Cognition at Work: Transactive Memory and Group Performance
Moreland, R. L., Argote, L., & Krishnan, R. (1996) · What's Social about Social Cognition? Research on Socially Shared Cognition in Small Groups · doi:10.4135/9781483327648.n3 · Cited by 456
Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience.
Duclos, S. E., Laird, J. D., Schneider, E. C., Sexter, M., Stern, L. B., & Lighten, O. V. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.100 · Cited by 446
Mood and self-efficacy: Impact of joy and sadness on perceived capabilities
Kavanagh, D. J., & Bower, G. H. (1985) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173005 · Cited by 446
Baron, R. A. (1990) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00417.x · Cited by 426
Experiencing emotion : a cross-cultural study
Scherer, K. R., Wallbott, H. G., & Summerfield, A. B. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 419
Assessment Centers and Managerial Performance
(1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-03049-9 · Cited by 415
Affect, personality, and social activity.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., McIntyre, C. W., & Hamaker, S. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.63.6.1011 · Cited by 402
Affect, personality, and social activity.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., McIntyre, C. W., & Hamaker, S. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.1011 · Cited by 402
Mood and memory: Evaluating the network theory of affect
Singer, J. A., & Salovey, P. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90060-8 · Cited by 400
Marmor, J. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351309165 · Cited by 378
Lanzetta, J. T., & Englis, B. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.543 · Cited by 377
Means-end chains as goal hierarchies
Gutman, J. (1997) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199709)14:6 · Cited by 369
Evidence of mood linkage in work groups
Totterdell, P., Kellett, S., Teuchmann, K., & Briner, R. B. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1504 · Cited by 368
Affect in Social Judgments and Decisions: A Multiprocess Model
Forgas, J. P. (1992) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60285-3 · Cited by 364
Understanding and assessing nonverbal expressiveness: The Affective Communication Test.
Friedman, H. S., Prince, L. M., Riggio, R. E., & DiMatteo, M. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.333 · Cited by 364
Leader Positive Mood and Group Performance: The Case of Customer Service
George, J. M. (1995) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01775.x · Cited by 364
The induced affect response: 10-week-old infants' responses to three emotion expressions.
Haviland, J. M., & Lelwica, M. (1987) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.97 · Cited by 361
Lord, R. G., Klimoski, R. J., & Kanfer, R. (2002) · Cited by 353
Emotional reactions to a political leader's expressive displays.
McHugo, G. J., Lanzetta, J. T., Sullivan, D. G., Masters, R. D., & Englis, B. G. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1513 · Cited by 352
Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1991) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256388 · Cited by 348
Ilgen, D. R., & Klein, H. J. (1989) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001551 · Cited by 336
Stress, affiliation, and emotional contagion.
Gump, B. B., & Kulik, J. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.305 · Cited by 334
George, J. M. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.317 · Cited by 330
Group emotion: A view from top and bottom.
Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (1998) · Cited by 330
Self-citationFACIAL EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAGIOUS
Lundqvist, L., & Dimberg, U. (1995) · Journal of Psychophysiology · Cited by 311
Leigh, H. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11005-9_14 · Cited by 309
(1997) · VU Research Portal · Cited by 307
What's Social about Social Cognition? Research on Socially Shared Cognition in Small Groups
Nye, J. L., & Brower, A. M. (1996) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327648 · Cited by 307
The effect of power on susceptibility to emotional contagion
Hsee, C. K., Hatfield, E. C., Carlson, J. G., & Chemtob, C. M. (1990) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939008408081 · Cited by 275
Affective consequences of inadequately explained physiological arousal.
Marshall, G. D., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.970 · Cited by 270
Gibbs, R. W., & SHARKEY, N. E. (1988) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423234 · Cited by 260
Speech Evaluation in Psychiatry
A., N. C. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.12.1642 · Cited by 258
Negative emotional biasing of unexplained arousal.
Maslach, C. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.953 · Cited by 254
Learning, remembering, believing: enhancing human performance
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-5359 · Cited by 252
Emotional contagion: Behavioral induction in individuals and groups.
Schoenewolf, G. (1990) · Cited by 252
Empathy, communication, and prosocial behavior
Stiff, J. B., Dillard, J. P., Somera, L. P., Kim, H. J., & Sleight, C. (1988) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637758809376166 · Cited by 238
BODY MOVEMENT AND VOICE PITCH IN DECEPTIVE INTERACTION
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Scherer, K. R. (1976) · Semiotica · doi:10.1515/semi.1976.16.1.23 · Cited by 237
Doherty, R. W., Orimoto, L., Singelis, T. M., Hatfield, E. C., & Hebb, J. (1995) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00080.x · Cited by 226
Omdahl, B. L., & O'Donnell, C. (1999) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01021.x · Cited by 221
Empathy: Development, Training, and Consequences
Goldstein, A. P., & Michaels, G. Y. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 210
Emotional Reactions and Status in Groups
Lovaglia, M. J., & Houser, J. A. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096458 · Cited by 205
Contagion: a theoretical and empirical review and reconceptualization.
Levy, D. A., & Nail, P. R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 205
Facial electromyographic responses to vocal affect expressions
Hietanen, J. K., Surakka, V., & Linnankoski, I. (1998) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577298970445 · Cited by 196
Bless, H., & Forgas, J. P. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315783062 · Cited by 194
Facial EMG reactions to facial expressions: A case of facial emotional contagion?
Lundqvist, L. (1995) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1995.tb00974.x · Cited by 181
Rosekrans, M. A. (1967) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025072 · Cited by 165
Nonverbal Skill, Personal Charisma, and Initial Attraction
Friedman, H. S., Riggio, R. E., & Casella, D. F. (1988) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167288141020 · Cited by 159
A broader conception of mood experience.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Gomberg-Kaufman, S., & Blainey, K. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.60.1.100 · Cited by 156
Speech evaluation in psychiatry
Darby, J. K. (1981) · Grune & Stratton eBooks · Cited by 153
Robbins, T. L., & DeNisi, A. S. (1994) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.341 · Cited by 151
Effect of individual differences in nonverbal expressiveness on transmission of emotion
Friedman, H. S., & Riggio, R. E. (1981) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00987285 · Cited by 151
Emotional Contagion Revisited: Effects of Social Comparison and Expressive Style on Mood Convergence
Sullins, E. S. (1991) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/014616729101700208 · Cited by 147
Sad and guilty? Affective influences on the explanation of conflict in close relationships.
Forgas, J. P. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.56 · Cited by 145
Reducing organizational conflict: an incompatible response approach.
Baron, R. A. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 144
Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impressions of personality.
Hamilton, D. L., & Zanna, M. P. (1972) · Cited by 137
Assessments of the Emotional States of Others: Conscious Judgments Versus Emotional Contagion
Hsee, C. K., Hatfield, E. C., & Chemtob, C. M. (1992) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1992.11.2.119 · Cited by 135
The Impact of Vocal Feedback on Emotional Experience and ExpressionPreprint
Hatfield, E. C., & Hsee, C. K. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 131
Raush, H. L. (1965) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022478 · Cited by 123
Milner, J. S., Halsey, L. B., & Fultz, J. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00035-7 · Cited by 122
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1292 · Cited by 117
Reducing organizational conflict: An incompatible response approach.
Baron, R. A. (1984) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.272 · Cited by 112
Carver, C. S., Kus, L. A., & Scheier, M. F. (1994) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1994.13.2.138 · Cited by 111
Loneliness and expressive communication.
Gerson, A. C., & Perlman, D. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.88.3.258 · Cited by 108
Multiple Roles for Affect in Persuasion
Petty, R. E., Gleicher, F., & Baker, S. M. (2020) · Garland Science eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003058731-13 · Cited by 107
Individual differences in the effects of spontaneous mimicry on emotional contagion
Laird, J. D., Alibozak, T., Davainis, D., Deignan, K., Fontanella, K., Hong, J. S., Levy, B. L. M., & Pacheco, C. (1994) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf02254830 · Cited by 98
The process of emotional experience: A self-perception theory.
Laird, J. D., & Bresler, C. (1992) · Cited by 95
Affective influences on individual and group judgments
Forgas, J. P. (1990) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420200506 · Cited by 94
Ashton, R. H., & Ashton, A. H. (1990) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(90)90019-6 · Cited by 80
LEVENSON, R. W. (1996) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf02251886 · Cited by 79
A Social Information Processing Model of Employee Participation
Shetzer, L. I. (1993) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.4.2.252 · Cited by 75
Loneliness and expressive communication.
Gerson, A. C., & Perlman, D. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.3.258 · Cited by 75
Using hierarchical linear modeling to analyze grouped data.
Nezlek, J. B., & Zyzniewski, L. E. (1998) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.2.4.313 · Cited by 72
Impact of salient vocal qualities on causal attribution for a speaker's behavior.
Robinson, J., & Zebrowitz, L. A. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.236 · Cited by 68
Negative Affect Leads to Low-Effort Cognition: Attributional Processing for Observed Social Behavior
Sullivan, M. J. L., & Conway, M. A. (1989) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1989.7.4.315 · Cited by 64
Agnihotri, N. (2022) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5897-6.ch018 · Cited by 62
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Responses and the Circumplex Model of Mood
Jacob, R. G., Thayer, J. F., Manuck, S. B., Muldoon, M. F., Tamres, L. K., Williams, D. M., Ding, Y., & Gatsonis, C. G. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199905000-00011 · Cited by 57
Analyzing data from individuals in groups: The past, the present, and the future.
Hoyle, R. H., Georgesen, J. C., & Webster, J. M. (2001) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.5.1.41 · Cited by 48
Choice of task and goal under conditions of general and specific affective inducement
Saavedra, R., & Earley, P. C. (1991) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf00991475 · Cited by 46
The antecedents of emotional experiences.
Wallbott, H. G., & Scherer, K. R. (1986) · Cited by 46
Research on Managing Groups and Teams
(2014) · Research on managing groups and teams · doi:10.1108/rmgt · Cited by 45
Employment interviewers' errors in processing positive and negative information.
Hollmann, T. D. (1972) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032661 · Cited by 42
Toward an Empirical Concept of Group
Sandelands, L., & Clair, L. S. (1993) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1993.tb00543.x · Cited by 40
Illusion, Disillusion, and the Buffering Effect of Groups
Heath, C., & Jourden, F. J. (1997) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2676 · Cited by 35
Perceptual Salience as a Function of Nonverbal Expressiveness
Sullins, E. S. (1989) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167289154011 · Cited by 35
“Negativity Bias” in Evaluative Ratings
Crandall, J. E. (1975) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1975.9923241 · Cited by 32
Conflict Avoidance in Consensual Decision Processes
Gero, A. (1985) · Small Group Behavior · doi:10.1177/104649648501600405 · Cited by 31
Nonverbal communication deficits and response to performance feedback in depression.
Prkachin, K. M., Craig, K. D., Papageorgis, D., & Reith, G. (1977) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.86.3.224 · Cited by 29
Social Information Processing and Group-Induced Shifts in Responses to Task Design
Bateman, T. S., Griffin, R. W., & Rubinstein, D. (1987) · Group & Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/105960118701200107 · Cited by 29
Nonverbal communication deficits and response to performance feedback in depression.
Prkachin, K. M., Craig, K. D., Papageorgis, D., et al. (1977) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.86.3.224 · Cited by 20
Behavioral Contagion and Manageability
Safran, S. P., & Safran, J. S. (1987) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221948702000713 · Cited by 15
Kiesler, S. B. (1973) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/002216787301300304 · Cited by 11
In Search of the Happy/Productive Worker: A Longitudinal Study of Affect and Performance.
Wright, T. A., & Staw, B. M. (1994) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1994.10344814 · Cited by 10
The Role of Affect in Children's Cooperation.
Marcus, R. F. (1987) · Child study journal · Cited by 8
Effect of Music on Cooperative Problem Solving by Children
Chertock, S. L. (1974) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1974.39.2.986 · Cited by 6
Bringing Nursing Knowledge to Taiwan
Chen, P. (1996) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1996.tb01166.x · Cited by 2
(1993)
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 172 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Ash M. K., 1981, Mary Kay
- Cacioppo J. T., 1987, Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium: Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 41
- Development Dimensions International, 1982, Leaderless Group Discussion Exercise
- Evans W., 1965, Industrial Management Review, 7, 37
- 10.1037/0003-066X.43.5.349 · DOI
- Hatfield E., 1992, Review of Personality and Social Psychology: Emotion and Social Behavior, 14, 151
- Hatfield E., 1994, Emotional Contagion
- Hofmann D. A., 2000, Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations, 467
- Isen A. M., 2003, Handbook of Emotions
- Laird J. D., 1992, Emotion: Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 213
- Larsen R. J., 1992, Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 25
- Levy D. A., 1993, Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 119, 233
- Lohr S., 1994, New York Times, 2, 1
- Lundqvist L. O., 1995, Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 203
- Marcus R. F., 1987, Child Study Journal, 17, 153
- Mehrabian A., 1972, Nonverbal Communication
- 10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.211 · DOI
- Nyklicek I., 1997, Journal of Psychophysiology, 11, 304
- Raudenbush S. W., 2000, Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling with HLM/5.02
- Tickle-Degnen L., 1987, Group Processes and Intergroup Relations: Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 113
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
Towards a model of work engagement.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620430810870476 · Cited by 3,213
Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043 · Cited by 2,913
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00030.x · Cited by 2,623
Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217 · Cited by 2,276
Metadata
- Authors
- Barsade, S. G.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barsade, Sigal G.
- Venue
- Administrative Science Quarterly
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 644-675
- ISSN
- 0001-8392 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3815
- OpenAlex
- W2067369167
- Cited by
- 3,361
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 176 · 2025: 196 · 2024: 167 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 197 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 177 · 2019: 265 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 198 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 184 · 2014: 171 · 2013: 154 · 2012: 153
- FWCI
- 25.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repository.upenn.edu
- Locations
- Administrative Science Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotional Intelligence and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- emotional contagion, group dynamics, management decision-making, work teams, cooperation, group conflict, personal attitudes, self-reported mood
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
