Visceral fat adipokine secretion is associated with systemic inflammation in obese humans
Open accessAbstract
Although excess visceral fat is associated with noninfectious inflammation, it is not clear whether visceral fat is simply associated with or actually causes metabolic disease in humans. To evaluate the hypothesis that visceral fat promotes systemic inflammation by secreting inflammatory adipokines into the portal circulation that drains visceral fat, we determined adipokine arteriovenous concentration differences across visceral fat, by obtaining portal vein and radial artery blood samples, in 25 extremely obese subjects (mean ± SD BMI 54.7 ± 12.6 kg/m2) during gastric bypass surgery at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. Mean plasma interleukin (IL)-6 concentration was ∼50% greater in the portal vein than in the radial artery in obese subjects (P = 0.007). Portal vein IL-6 concentration correlated directly with systemic C-reactive protein concentrations (r = 0.544, P = 0.005). Mean plasma leptin concentration was ∼20% lower in the portal vein than in the radial artery in obese subjects (P = 0.0002). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, resistin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and adiponectin concentrations were similar in the portal vein and radial artery in obese subjects. These data suggest that visceral fat is an important site for IL-6 secretion and provide a potential mechanistic link between visceral fat and systemic inflammation in people with abdominal obesity.
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Excessive adiposity can be associated with an inflammatory response within adipose tissue (AT), including release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, which can adversely affect skeletal muscle (SM) directly and be associated with diminished SM mass and strength.
“Excessive adiposity can be associated with an inflammatory response within the AT, including the release of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, which in turn can adversely affect the SM directly and be associated with a diminished SM mass and strength [43,75].”
From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vivo secretion rates of most adipokines from VAT are probably not greater than the secretion rates from s.c. adipose tissue.
“In addition, in vivo secretion rates of most adipokines from VAT are probably not greater than the secretion rates from s.c.adipose tissue (22).”
From Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity (2009) · cites this paper as [22]
Reduced adiponectin concentrations are associated with increased inflammation and risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
“reduced adiponectin concentrations are associated with increased inflammation and risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
Adipose tissue influences systemic endothelial function through secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and resistin.
“Adipose tissue also influences systemic endothelial function through secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and resistin.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Fontana, L., Eagon, J. C., Trujillo, M. E., Scherer, P. E., & Klein, S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1010-1013
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2119519672
- Cited by
- 1,417
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 41.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK20579, RR‐00036, DK56341)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK37948, DK20579, DK56341, R01DK037948, P30DK056341)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR.00036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- visceral fat, adipokines, systemic inflammation, obesity, interleukin-6, leptin, portal vein, C-reactive protein, gastric bypass, resistin, adiponectin, TNF-α, MCP-1, abdominal obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Viscera, Gastric Bypass, Interleukin-6, Peptide Hormones, Body Size, Adiponectin
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