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Cited by 91Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes Treatment and Management

Effect of lowering the glycemic load with canola oil on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial

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Jenkins, David J.A., Kendall, Cyril W.C., Vuksan, Vladimir, Faulkner, Dorothea, Augustin, Livia S.A., Mitchell, Sandra, Ireland, Christopher, Srichaikul, Korbua +13 more·2014·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc13-2990

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Despite their independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) advantages, effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and low-glycemic-load (GL) diets have not been assessed in combination. We therefore determined the combined effect of ALA, MUFA, and low GL on glycemic control and CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was a parallel design, randomized trial wherein each 3-month treatment was conducted in a Canadian academic center between March 2011 and September 2012 and involved 141 participants with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.5%-8.5% [48-69 mmol/mol]) treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents. Participants were provided with dietary advice on either a low-GL diet with ALA and MUFA given as a canola oil-enriched bread supplement (31 g canola oil per 2,000 kcal) (test) or a whole-grain diet with a whole-wheat bread supplement (control). The primary outcome was HbA1c change. Secondary outcomes included calculated Framingham CVD risk score and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) ratio. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of the test group and 90% of the control group completed the trial. The test diet reduction in HbA1c units of -0.47% (-5.15 mmol/mol) (95% CI -0.54% to -0.40% [-5.92 to -4.38 mmol/mol]) was greater than that for the control diet (-0.31% [-3.44 mmol/mol] [95% CI -0.38% to -0.25% (-4.17 to -2.71 mmol/mol)], P = 0.002), with the greatest benefit observed in those with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP). Greater reductions were seen in CVD risk score for the test diet, whereas the RHI ratio increased for the control diet. CONCLUSIONS: A canola oil-enriched low-GL diet improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, particularly in participants with raised SBP, whereas whole grains improved vascular reactivity.

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Authors
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Vuksan, V., Faulkner, D., Augustin, L. S. A., Mitchell, S., Ireland, C., Srichaikul, K., Mirrahimi, A., Chiavaroli, L., Blanco Mejia, S., Nishi, S., Sahye-Pudaruth, S., Patel, D., Bashyam, B., Vidgen, E., de Souza, R. J., Sievenpiper, J. L., Coveney, J., Josse, R. G., & Leiter, L. A.
Affiliations
  • St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
  • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  • Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2014-06-12
Volume
37
Issue
7
Pages
1806-1814
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc13-2990
OpenAlex
W2162300476
Cited by
91
References
39
Citations by year
2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
FWCI
7.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
canola oil, low glycemic load diet, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, alpha-linolenic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, whole grain diet, whole wheat bread, cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, reactive hyperemia index, vascular reactivity, systolic blood pressure, dietary supplementation
MeSH terms
Rapeseed Oil, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Energy Intake, Canada, Cardiovascular Diseases, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors

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