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Cited by 502

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes with and without GAD antibodies.

Tuomi, T, Carlsson, A, Li, H, Isomaa, B, Miettinen, A, Nilsson, A, Nissén, M, Ehrnström, B O, Forsén, B, Snickars, B, Lahti, K, Forsblom, C, Saloranta, C, Taskinen, M R, Groop, L C·1999·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diabetes.48.1.150
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Abstract

The aim of the study was 1) to establish the prevalence of GAD antibodies (GADab) in a population-based study of type 2 diabetes in western Finland, 2) to genetically and phenotypically characterize this subgroup, and 3) to provide a definition for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The prevalence of GADab was 9.3% among 1,122 type 2 diabetic patients, 3.6% among 558 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects, and 4.4% among 383 nondiabetic control subjects. Islet antigen 2 antibodies (IA2ab) or islet cell antibodies were detected in only 0.5% of the GADab- patients. The GADab+ patients had lower fasting C-peptide concentrations (median [interquartile range]: 0.46 [0.45] vs. 0.62 [0.44] nmol/l, P = 0.0002) and lower insulin response to oral glucose compared with GADab- patients. With respect to features of the metabolic syndrome, the GADab+ patients had lower systolic (140 [29.1] vs. 148 [26.0] mmHg, P = 0.009) and diastolic (79.2 [17.6] vs. 81.0 [13.1] mmHg, P = 0.030) blood pressure values, as well as lower triglyceride concentrations (1.40 [1.18] vs. 1.75 [1.25] mmol/l, P = 0.003). GADab+ men had a lower waist-to-hip ratio compared with GADab- patients. Compared with GADab- patients and control subjects, the GADab+ patients had an increased frequency HLA-DQB1*0201/0302 (13 vs. 4%; P = 0.002) and other genotypes containing the *0302 allele (22 vs. 12%; P = 0.010). However, the frequency of these high-risk genotypes was significantly lower in GADab+ type 2 patients than in type 1 diabetes of young or adult onset (0201/0302 or 0302/X: 36 vs. 66 vs. 64%, P < 0.001). The GADab+ type 2 group did not differ from control subjects with respect to genotypes containing the protective DQB1-alleles *0602 or *0603, nor with respect to the type 1 high-risk genotype in the IDDM1 (Hph1 +/+). We conclude that GADab+ patients differ from both GADab- type 2 diabetic patients and type 1 diabetic patients with respect to beta-cell function, features of the metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes. Further, we propose that LADA be defined as GADab positivity (>5 relative units) in patients older than 35 years at onset of type 2 diabetes.

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Metadata

Authors
Tuomi, T., Carlsson, A., Li, H., Isomaa, B., Miettinen, A., Nilsson, A., Nissén, M., Ehrnström, B. O., Forsén, B., Snickars, B., Lahti, K., Forsblom, C., Saloranta, C., Taskinen, M. R., & Groop, L. C.
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1999-01-01
Volume
48
Issue
1
Pages
150-157
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diabetes.48.1.150
OpenAlex
W2099852272
Cited by
502
References
1
FWCI
14.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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