The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Open accessAbstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Three isoforms (α, δ, and γ) have been described. They act on DNA response elements as heterodimers with the nuclear retinoic acid receptor. Their natural activating ligands are fatty acids and lipid-derived substrates. PPAR-α is present in liver, heart, and, to a lesser extent, skeletal muscle. When activated, it promotes fatty acid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, and glucose sparing. Fibrates, which are used as hypolipidemic drugs, are ligands of PPAR-α. PPAR-δ is ubiquitous and could also favor fatty acid oxidation in tissues in which PPAR-α is absent or less expressed. PPAR-γ is expressed in adipose tissue, lower intestine, and cells involved in immunity. Activation of PPAR-γ induces the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and stimulates triglyceride storage. Thiazolidinediones are compounds used as hypoglycemic, muscle insulin-sensitizing agents in type 2 diabetes. Unexpectedly, they are activators of PPAR-γ. Their action on muscle insulin sensitivity may be secondary to the lowering of circulating lipids on PPAR-γ activation and to the secretion by adipocytes of insulin-sensitizing hormones such as adiponectin, all promoting glucose utilization. The PPARs are thus major regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, allowing adaptation to the prevailing nutritional environment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action
Zhou, G., Myers, R., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Shen, X., Fenyk-Melody, J., Wu, M., Ventre, J., Doebber, T., Fujii, N., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13505 · Cited by 5,652
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Minokoshi, Y., Ito, Y., Waki, H., Uchida, S., Yamashita, S., Noda, M., Kita, S., Ueki, K., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm788 · Cited by 4,238
Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators
Issemann, I., & Green, S. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347645a0 · Cited by 3,519
Braissant, O., Foufelle, F., Scotto, C., Dauça, M., & Wahli, W. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.1.8536636 · Cited by 2,217
Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase
Minokoshi, Y., Kim, Y.-B., Peroni, O. D., Fryer, L. G. D., Müller, C., Carling, D., & Kahn, B. B. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415339a · Cited by 2,053
Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Activates Fat Metabolism to Prevent Obesity
Wang, Y.-X., Lee, C.-H., Tiep, S., Yu, R. T., Ham, J., Kang, H., & Evans, R. M. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00269-1 · Cited by 1,296
Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy
Petersen, K. F., Oral, E. A., Dufour, S., Befroy, D., Ariyan, C., Yu, C., Cline, G. W., DePaoli, A. M., Taylor, S. I., Gorden, P., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0215001 · Cited by 800 · cited 1×
“Leptin is able to improve insulin sensitivity in lipoatrophic patients and in rodent models of lipoatrophy (42), probably by increasing muscle glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation (43).”
BackgroundGuerre-Millo, M., Gervois, P., Raspé, E., Madsen, L., Poulain, P., Derudas, B., Herbert, J.-M., Winegar, D. A., Willson, T. M., Fruchart, J.-C., et al. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.22.16638 · Cited by 605
PPAR-α–Null Mice Are Protected From High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance
Guerre-Millo, M., Rouault, C., Poulain, P., André, J., Poitout, V., Peters, J. M., Gonzalez, F. J., Fruchart, J.-C., Reach, G., & Staels, B. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2809 · Cited by 241
Cited by
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 2,737
Tyagi, S., Gupta, P., Saini, A., Kaushal, C., & Sharma, S. (2011) · Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research · doi:10.4103/2231-4040.90879 · Cited by 1,017
Feige, J. N., Gelman, L., Michalik, L., Desvergne, B., & Wahli, W. (2006) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002 · Cited by 786
Martinez-Guryn, K., Hubert, N., Frazier, K., Urlass, S., Musch, M. W., Ojeda, P., Pierre, J. F., Miyoshi, J., Sontag, T. J., Cham, C. M., et al. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.011 · Cited by 663
Adiponectin regulation and function
Fang, H., & Judd, R. L. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170046 · Cited by 631
RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease
Altucci, L., Leibowitz, M. D., Ogilvie, K. M., de Lera, A. R., & Gronemeyer, H. (2007) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2397 · Cited by 517
Mechanisms by which Dietary Fatty Acids Modulate Plasma Lipids
Fernandez, M. L., & West, K. L. (2005) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.9.2075 · Cited by 469
Skeletal muscle lipid deposition and insulin resistance: effect of dietary fatty acids and exercise
Corcoran, M. P., Lamon-Fava, S., & Fielding, R. A. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.662 · Cited by 341
Acne is an inflammatory disease and alterations of sebum composition initiate acne lesions
Zouboulis, C. C., Jourdan, E., & Picardo, M. (2014) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12298 · Cited by 286
Alestas, T., Ganceviciene, R., Fimmel, S., Müller-Decker, K., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0715-8 · Cited by 269
Toh, S. Y., Gong, J., Du, G., Li, J. Z., Yang, S., Ye, J., Yao, H., Zhang, Y., Xue, B., Li, Q., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002890 · Cited by 267
Minireview: The Case for Obesogens
Grün, F., & Blumberg, B. (2009) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2008-0485 · Cited by 188
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Increase Human Sebum Production
Trivedi, N. R., Cong, Z., Nelson, A. M., Albert, A. J., Rosamilia, L. L., Sivarajah, S., Gilliland, K. L., Liu, W., Mauger, D. T., Gabbay, R. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700336 · Cited by 184
Flavonoids as Antiobesity Agents: A Review
Rufino, A. T., Costa, V. M., Carvalho, F., & Fernandes, E. (2021) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21740 · Cited by 174
Modulation of RXR function through ligand design
Pérez, E., Bourguet, W., Gronemeyer, H., & de Lera, A. R. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.04.003 · Cited by 169
Atherton, H. J., Bailey, N. J., Zhang, W., Taylor, J., Major, H., Shockcor, J., Clarke, K., & Griffin, J. L. (2006) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00060.2006 · Cited by 159
MicroRNA-223 is a crucial mediator of PPARγ-regulated alternative macrophage activation
Ying, W., Tseng, A., Chang, R. C.-A., Morin, A., Brehm, T., Triff, K., Nair, V., Zhuang, G., Song, H., Kanameni, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81656 · Cited by 144
Ottaviani, M., Camera, E., & Picardo, M. (2010) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2010/858176 · Cited by 143
Impaired Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation Induces FGF21 in Muscle
Vandanmagsar, B., Warfel, J. D., Wicks, S. E., Ghosh, S., Salbaum, J. M., Burk, D., Dubuisson, O. S., Mendoza, T. M., Zhang, J., Noland, R. C., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.057 · Cited by 92
Lee, Y. J., Jung, H. W., Kim, H. Y., Choi, Y.-J., & Lee, Y. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.683297 · Cited by 96
Limited therapeutic efficacy of pioglitazone on progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats
Leclercq, I. A. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.079194 · Cited by 67
Petridou, A., Tsalouhidou, S., Tsalis, G., Schulz, T., Michna, H., & Mougios, V. (2007) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.011 · Cited by 61
Infection decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the diaphragm
Feingold, K. R., Moser, A., Patzek, S. M., Shigenaga, J. K., & Grunfeld, C. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800655-jlr200 · Cited by 59
An, P., Teran-Garcia, M., Rice, T., Rankinen, T., Weisnagel, S. J., Bergman, R. N., Boston, R. C., Mandel, S., Stefanovski, D., Leon, A. S., et al. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1769-4 · Cited by 54
Effects of IL-15 on rat brown adipose tissue: Uncoupling proteins and PPARs
Almendro, V., Fuster, G., Busquets, S., Ametller, E., Figueras, M., Argilés, J. M., & López‐Soriano, F. J. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.47 · Cited by 49
STAT6 Signaling Mediates PPARγ Activation and Resolution of Acute Sterile Inflammation in Mice
Lee, Y.-J., Kim, B.-M., Ahn, Y.-H., Choi, J. H., Choi, Y.-H., & Kang, J. L. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10030501 · Cited by 39
Lee, J. S., O’Connell, E. M., Pacher, P., & Lohoff, F. W. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081758 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Ferré, P.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-02-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- suppl_1
- Pages
- S43-S50
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W1968375269
- Cited by
- 776
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 16.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
