Cited by 632Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and MetabolismPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

Adiponectin regulation and function

Fang, Han, Judd, Robert L.·2018·Comprehensive physiology

Abstract

Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ, capable of secreting a large number of endocrine factors which regulate a wide variety of physiological functions. Adiponectin is one such factor, secreted in large quantities primarily from adipose tissue. Adiponectin is posttranslationally modified from a 30-kDa monomeric protein into different multimers (low molecular weight or trimer, middle molecular weight or hexamer, and high molecular weight) and secreted into the circulation. Upon binding to its receptors, AdipoR1 and R2, adiponectin initiates a series of tissue-dependent signal transduction events, including phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) ligand activity. These signal transduction events are regulated by adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL1), which binds directly to the intracellular regions of AdipoR1 and R2. AdipoR1 and R2 also possesses inherent ceramidase activity, resulting in a decrease in intracellular ceramide, a sphingolipid that has been implicated in insulin resistance, cell death, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin stimulates fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and inhibits glucose production in the liver, resulting in an improvement in whole-body energy homeostasis. Adiponectin is also a classic anti-inflammatory agent, reducing inflammation in various cell types through AdipoR1 and R2 signaling mechanisms. Adiponectin's anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties results in protection of the vasculature, heart, lung, and colon. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the discovery, protein structure, receptors, expression, regulation, and physiological functions of adiponectin. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1031-1063, 2018.

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Crossref · 10.1002/cphy.c170046

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Authors
Fang, H., & Judd, R. L.
Affiliations
Auburn University (US)
Corresponding author
Judd, Robert L.
Venue
Comprehensive physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-06-18
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
1031-1063
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2895752892
Cited by
631
References
407
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 9
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Keywords
adiponectin, adipose tissue endocrine function, adiponectin multimers, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, AMPK signaling, p38 MAPK, PPARα, APPL1, ceramide, ceramidase, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-apoptotic effects, energy homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose production, insulin resistance, vascular protection
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Protein Conformation, Adiponectin, Receptors, Adiponectin

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