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Cited by 303Fatty Acid Research and HealthEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisDiabetes Treatment and Management

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Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. A meta-analysis.

Friedberg, Cylla E, Janssen, Martien J F M, Heine, Robert J, Grobbee, Diederick E·1998·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.21.4.494
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Fibrates effectively lower, but do not always normalize, serum triglyceride levels. Fish oil supplements may then be added to lower serum triglyceride levels. Doubt remains whether the net effect of fish oil intake on glycemic control is beneficial in diabetes. We therefore performed a meta-analysis from published clinical trials. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data sources were Medline (Cologne, Germany), Excerpta Medica, Current Contents, review articles, and published reference lists. Publications of 26 trials were selected, and all trials included more than five diabetes (IDDM and NIDDM) patients and addressed the effects offish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) on serum lipids and glucose tolerance. We (C.E.F, M.J.F.M.J.) extracted data independently based on predetermined criteria. Studies were classified according to design. RESULTS: All studies combined showed a decrease in mean triglyceride concentrations in association with fish oil: −0.60 mmol/1 (95% CI, −0.84 to −0.33, P < 0.01) and a slight but significant increase in serum LDL cholesterol: 0.18 mmol/1 (95% CI, 0.04−0.32, P = 0.01), with both findings most prominent in NIDDM. No significant changes in HbA1c percentages occurred in diabetic subjects treated with fish oil. Fasting blood glucose levels were increased with borderline significance in NIDDM subjects (0.43 mmol/1 [95% CI, 0.00–0.87], P = 0.06) and were significantly lower in IDDM subjects (−1.86 mmol/1 [95% CI, −3.1 to −0.61], P < 0.05). Significant dose-response effects of EPA (g/day) on HbA1c and triglycerides and of DHA (g/day) on fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and triglycerides were demonstrated only in NIDDM subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fish oil has no adverse affects on HbA1c in diabetic subjects and lowers triglyceride levels effectively by almost 30%. However, this may be accompanied by a slight increase in LDL cholesterol concentration. Fish oil may be useful in treating dyslipidemia in diabetes.

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Metadata

Authors
Friedberg, C. E., Janssen, M. J. F. M., Heine, R. J., & Grobbee, D. E.
Affiliations
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Rijnland Ziekenhuis (NL)
  • Utrecht University (NL)
ORCID
Grobbee, Diederick E
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1998-04-01
Volume
21
Issue
4
Pages
494-500
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.21.4.494
OpenAlex
W2172062221
Cited by
303
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 11
FWCI
9.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, glycemic control, diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, dyslipidemia, dose-response relationship, dietary supplementation
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Fish Oils, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides

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