The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Mortality in Adults With and Without Diabetes in a National Cohort of the U.S. Population, 1971–1993
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine 22-year mortality (1971-1993), causes of death, life expectancy, and survival in a national sample of diabetic and nondiabetic adults according to age, sex, and race. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A representative national cohort of 14,374 adults aged 25-74 years was identified in 1971-1975 in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Diabetes was ascertained by medical history interview. The cohort was followed for mortality through 1992-1993, with verification of vital status for 96.2% (n = 13,830). Causes of death were determined from death certificates. RESULTS: Diabetic subjects comprised 5.1% of the cohort and accounted for 10.6% of the deaths. Mortality for diabetic subjects increased from 12.4 per 1,000 person-years for those aged 25-44 years at baseline to 89.7 per 1,000 person-years for those aged 65-74 years. The age-adjusted mortality rate was 57% higher for diabetic men than for diabetic women; the rate was 27% higher for diabetic non-Hispanic blacks than for diabetic non-Hispanic whites. Mortality rates were highest for insulin-treated subjects and for those with > or = 15 years' duration of diabetes. Diabetes was listed on the death certificate as the underlying cause of death for only 7.7% of diabetic men and 13.4% of diabetic women. Considering multiple causes of death, heart disease was listed the most frequently and was present on 69.5% of death certificates of people with diabetes. Death rates were higher for diabetic than for nondiabetic subjects in all age, sex, and race groups. The relative risk of death (diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects) declined with age from a value of 3.6 for those aged 25-44 years at baseline to 1.5 for those aged 65-74 years. The relative risk was elevated in diabetic subjects for all major causes of death except malignant neoplasms. Survival of diabetic subjects was lower than that of nondiabetic subjects in all age, sex, and race groups. Median life expectancy was 8 years lower for diabetic adults aged 55-64 years and 4 years lower for those aged 65-74 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this representative national sample of adults, mortality rates were higher for diabetic men than for diabetic women and for diabetic blacks than for diabetic whites. The study confirms the substantially higher risk of death, lower survival, and lower life expectancy of diabetic adults compared with nondiabetic adults.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and a two-to four-fold higher CAD-and stroke-related mortality.139 -141”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [139]
In the citing paper
“T2DM is associated with a two-fold higher risk of CAD and ischaemic stroke”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [139]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Estimating the Prevalence of Limb Loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050
Ziegler‐Graham, K., MacKenzie, E. J., Ephraim, P. L., Travison, T. G., & Brookmeyer, R. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.005 · Cited by 2,951
Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States
Narayan, K. M. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1884 · Cited by 1,515
Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics and Metabolic Effects
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519001-00001 · Cited by 1,352
Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., Huang, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., Munshi, M. N., Odegard, P. S., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1801 · Cited by 1,274
Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Turnbull, F. M., Abraira, C., Anderson, R. J., Byington, R. P., Chalmers, J. P., Duckworth, W. C., Evans, G. W., Gerstein, H. C., Holman, R. R., Moritz, T. E., et al. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1470-0 · Cited by 1,189
“Despite risk-reduction strategies that include lowering of cholesterol and BP, and smoking cessation, the majority of those with diabetes continue to die from cardiovascular causes [5].”
BackgroundType 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength?
Timon, I. M. (2014) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.444 · Cited by 1,019
Diabetes and Decline in Heart Disease Mortality in US Adults
Gu, K. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.14.1291 · Cited by 856
“Follow-up was completed for 96% of subjects.(5) Two nationally representative cross-sectional samples of adults aged 35 to 74 years were created from these data.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diabetes
Roglić, G., Unwin, N. C., Bennett, P. H., Mathers, C. D., Tuomilehto, J. O., Nag, S., Connolly, V. M., & King, H. O. M. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.9.2130 · Cited by 809
“Only a few cohort studies were found to be representative of the diagnosed diabetic population, provide the RR of all-cause mortality for individuals with diabetes by sex and age-group (9– 11), or provide the number of deaths among individuals with diabetes and individuals without diabetes in the case of follow-up of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBooth, G. L., Kapral, M. K., Fung, K., & Tu, J. V. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68967-8 · Cited by 782
Barr, E. L. M., Zimmet, P. Z., Welborn, T. A., Jolley, D., Magliano, D. J., Dunstan, D. W., Cameron, A. J., Dwyer, T., Taylor, H. R., Tonkin, A. M., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.685628 · Cited by 719
Seferović, P. M., Petrie, M. C., Filippatos, G. S., Anker, S. D., Rosano, G., Bauersachs, J., Paulus, W. J., Komajda, M., Cosentino, F., de Boer, R. A., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.1170 · Cited by 708
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disorders in Diabetes
Shah, M. S., & Brownlee, M. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.306923 · Cited by 609
“Cardiovascular disorders are by far the leading cause of death in people with diabetes mellitus, reducing the median life expectancy for diabetic adults aged 55 to 64 years by 8 years.(1) Unlike microvascular complications, which are unique to diabetes mellitus, diabetic cardiovascular disorders are clinically similar…”
BackgroundEffect of BMI on Lifetime Risk for Diabetes in the U.S.
Narayan, K. M. V., Boyle, J. P., Thompson, T. J., Gregg, E. W., & Williamson, D. F. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2544 · Cited by 510
Depression and All-Cause and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Adults With and Without Diabetes
Egede, L. E., Nietert, P. J., & Zheng, D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.6.1339 · Cited by 479
“(36), the older age of the NHANES I cohort and the high proportion of type 2 diabetic patients in the U.”
BackgroundMortality attributable to diabetes: Estimates for the year 2010
Roglić, G., & Unwin, N. C. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.006 · Cited by 400
“[7] K.”
MethodFranco, O. H., Steyerberg, E. W., Hu, F. B., Mackenbach, J., & Nusselder, W. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.11.1145 · Cited by 400
“Using data from NHANES I, Gu et al(33) found that median LE was 8 years lower for diabetic subjects aged 55 to 64 years.(33) Similarly, using crosssectional data from the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) and Markov models, Narayan et al(34) estimated that the presence of diabetes among non-Hispanic, 50year-old…”
MethodResultLanting, L. C., Joung, I. M. A., Mackenbach, J. P., Lamberts, S. W. J., & Bootsma, A. H. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.9.2280 · Cited by 386
Is diabetes a coronary risk equivalent? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Bulugahapitiya, U., Siyambalapitiya, S., Sithole, J., & IDRIS, I. R. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02640.x · Cited by 377
Effects of Green Tea and EGCG on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Wolfram, S. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719626 · Cited by 377
“Diabetic adults have a substantially higher risk of death, together with lower survival rates and lower life expectancy compared with non-diabetic adults [17].”
BackgroundExercise Training for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Marwick, T. H., Hordern, M., Miller, T. D., Chyun, D. A., Bertoni, A. G., Blumenthal, R. S., Philippides, G. J., & Rocchini, A. P. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192521 · Cited by 375
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes
Steyn, N., Mann, J., Bennett, P., Temple, N., Zimmet, P., Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., & Louheranta, A. (2004) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2003586 · Cited by 367
Hong, J., Zhang, Y., Lai, S., Lv, A., Su, Q., Dong, Y., Zhou, Z., Tang, W., Zhao, J., Cui, L., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0719 · Cited by 366
“Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication and the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (20,21).”
BackgroundSkyler, J. S., & Oddo, C. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.289 · Cited by 360
“almost five times higher in patients with diabetes [15].”
BackgroundInfluentialSecrest, A. M., Becker, D. J., Kelsey, S. F., LaPorte, R. E., & Orchard, T. J. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0862 · Cited by 366
Carr, D. B., Utzschneider, K. M., Hull, R. L., Tong, J., Wallace, T. M., Kodama, K., Shofer, J. B., Heckbert, S. R., Boyko, E. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., et al. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-2482 · Cited by 350
Young, B. A., Maynard, C. C., & Boyko, E. J. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2392 · Cited by 351
“In an analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), most minority groups had higher mortality rates than Caucasians with diabetes; heart disease was the most frequent cause of death and availability of health insurance was not a risk factor (37,38).”
MethodRoper, N. A., Bilous, R. W., Kelly, W. F., Unwin, N. C., & Connolly, V. M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7299.1389 · Cited by 316
Quality of Diabetes Care in U.S. Academic Medical Centers
Grant, R. W., Buse, J. B., Meigs, J. B., & for the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Diabetes Benchmarking Project Team (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.2.337 · Cited by 311
“Despite this scientific progress, patients with diabetes continue to suffer from high rates of cardiovascular and microvascular complications and can expect a lifespan reduction of 10 –15 years (11,12).”
BackgroundKidney Function as a Predictor of Noncardiovascular Mortality
Fried, L. F., Katz, R., Sarnak, M. J., Shlipak, M. G., Chaves, P. H. M., Jenny, N. S., Stehman‐Breen, C. O., Gillen, D., Bleyer, A. J., Hirsch, C. H., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2005040384 · Cited by 301
McBean, A. M., Li, S., Gilbertson, D. T., & Collins, A. J. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.10.2317 · Cited by 299
“(33) for individuals 65–74 years of age in 1971 and the ratio of 1.”
BackgroundAsia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.360 · Cited by 297
“Exceptions are the Physicians (14) and Nurses (19) Health Studies, both of which found an attenuation of coronary heart disease relative risk with increasing age, and NHANES-I (11), which reported a similar trend for all-cause mortality.”
BackgroundThe Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Beyond Blood Pressure and Lipids
Dokken, B. B. (2008) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/diaspect.21.3.160 · Cited by 299
Update of mortality attributable to diabetes for the IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimates for the year 2013
IDF Diabetes Atlas Group (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.037 · Cited by 298
A Meta-analysis Comparing the Effect of Thiazolidinediones on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Chiquette, E., Ramı́rez, G., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.19.2097 · Cited by 291
“200000 deaths a year, primarily from cardiovascular disease (CVD).(2) Strategies that”
Atherothrombosis, inflammation, and diabetes
Biondi‐Zoccai, G., Abbate, A., Liuzzo, G., & Biasucci, L. M. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00088-3 · Cited by 290
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., Whincup, P. H., Lennon, L., & Sattar, N. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.2 · Cited by 281
“Earlier studies have suggested that the impact of diabetes on mortality decreases with increasing age at onset.(13,14) It has been reported that the characteristics of those diagnosed before age 65 years differ from the characteristics of those diagnosed after age 65 years,(15) and some studies have suggested that ons…”
BackgroundMacrovascular Complications in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes
Huang, D., Refaat, M. M., Mohammedi, K., Jayyousi, A., Suwaidi, J. M. S. A., & Khalil, C. A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/7839101 · Cited by 300
- Self-citation
Lee, C. D., Folsom, A. R., Pankow, J. S., & Brancati, F. L. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000116389.61864.de · Cited by 276
Ship, J. A. (2003) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0367 · Cited by 275
Diabetes and the Risk of Infection-Related Mortality in the U.S.
Bertoni, A. G., Saydah, S., & Brancati, F. L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1044 · Cited by 267
“Based on previous studies (9,13), we categorized a death as infectionrelated if an infection-related code was listed as an underlying or contributing cause of death.”
BackgroundResultMeneilly, G. S., & Tessier, D. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.1.m5 · Cited by 262
“It has been estimated that in patients who develop diabetes over the age of 65 years, life expectancy is shortened by at least 4 years ( 19 ).”
BackgroundRisk of cancer in a large cohort of U.S. veterans with diabetes
Atchison, E. A., Gridley, G., Carreon, J. D., Leitzmann, M. F., & McGlynn, K. A. (2010) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25362 · Cited by 262
Keyserling, T. C., Samuel-Hodge, C. D., Ammerman, A. S., Ainsworth, B. E., Henríquez-Roldán, C. F., Elasy, T. A., Skelly, A. H., Johnston, L. F., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.9.1576 · Cited by 255
Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes
Bertoluci, M. C., & Rocha, V. Z. (2017) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0225-1 · Cited by 260
“It is estimated that, in general, patients with diabetes have a reduction in life expectancy of about 4–8 years, compared with individuals without diabetes [2].”
BackgroundAlsaeed, A. H., Constantino, M., Molyneaux, L. M., D'Souza, M. I., Limacher-Gisler, F., Luo, C., Wu, T., Twigg, S. M., Yue, D. K., & Wong, J. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0991 · Cited by 254
“that found a more than threefold relative increase in mortality among individuals with diabetes between the ages of 25 and 44 (22).”
BackgroundLong-Term Excess Mortality in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Predictors, Causes and Clinical Consequences
Stiermaier, T., Moeller, C., Oehler, K., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.494 · Cited by 249
Subclinical States of Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Death in the U.S.
Saydah, S., Loria, C. M., Eberhardt, M. S., & Brancati, F. L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.3.447 · Cited by 237
The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
Bonora, E. (2006) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890500401234 · Cited by 233
“Not surprisingly, CVD is the leading cause of death in diabetes, largely exceeding cancer or other diseases (23,24).”
BackgroundDiabetes-related morbidity and mortality in a national sample of U.S. elders
Bertoni, A. G., Krop, J. S., Anderson, G. F., & Brancati, F. L. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.3.471 · Cited by 230
“7 per 1,000 person-years at 65 years of age (7,17,18) and up to 136 per 1,000 person-years at 75 years of age (16).”
BackgroundNöthlings, U., Schulze, M. B., Weikert, C., Boeing, H., van der Schouw, Y. T., Bamia, C., Benetou, V., Λάγιου, Π., Krogh, V., Beulens, J. W. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/138.4.775 · Cited by 227
“Increased risks of CVD (4,5) and a higher mortality rate than in the general population have been consistently found in diabetic populations (5,6).”
BackgroundAnalysis of factors associated with durable remission of diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Chikunguwo, S. M., Wolfe, L. G., Dodson, P. W., Meador, J. G., Baugh, N., Clore, J. N., Kellum, J. M., & Maher, J. W. (2009) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2009.11.003 · Cited by 228
Mortality and Causes of Death in a National Sample of Diabetic Patients in Taiwan
Tseng, C. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.7.1605 · Cited by 226
“The excess mortality (indicated by SMRs) attenuating with age in the diabetic patients (Table 1) was also observed in several other populationbased studies (1,7,16,17).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJohansen, O. E., Neubacher, D., von Eynatten, M., Patel, S. D., & Woerle, H. (2012) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-3 · Cited by 219
“Background Despite continuing medical and pharmacological efforts, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still bear a substantial burden of increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and premature mortality [1,2].”
Rosenblatt, S., Miskin, B., Glazer, N. B., PRINCE, M. J., & Robertson, K. E. (2001) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/00019501-200108000-00011 · Cited by 219
Malik, S., Zhao, Y., Budoff, M., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., Bertoni, A. G., & Wong, N. D. (2017) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4191 · Cited by 215
Tian, J., Zhang, M., Suo, M., Liu, D., Wang, X., Liu, M. R., Pan, J., Jin, T., & An, F. (2021) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.16601 · Cited by 217
Mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes in the UK
Mulnier, H. E., Seaman, H. E., Raleigh, V. S., Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Colhoun, H. M., & Lawrenson, R. A. (2006) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01838.x · Cited by 212
Malik, S., Budoff, M. J., Katz, R., Blumenthal, R. S., Bertoni, A. G., Nasir, K., Szklo, M., Barr, R. G., & Wong, N. D. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0816 · Cited by 203
“Individuals with diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS) are more likely to have coronary heart disease (CHD) (1,2) and a poorer prognosis compared with those without these conditions (3,4).”
BackgroundSpecific Effects of Biliopancreatic Diversion on the Major Components of Metabolic Syndrome
Scopinaro, N., Marinari, G. M., Camerini, G. B., Papadia, F. S., & Adami, G. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2406 · Cited by 204
Marshall, M. (2005) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.028274 · Cited by 215
Mensah, G. A., Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Narayan, K. M. V., Giles, W. H., Vinicor, F., & DEEDWANIA, P. C. (2004) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2004.06.005 · Cited by 203
Samuel‐Hodge, C. D., Keyserling, T. C., Park, S., Johnston, L. F., Gizlice, Z., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (2009) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721709333270 · Cited by 202
“Moreover, African Americans are more likely to experience complications associated with diabetes.(2,3) For example, the incidence of end-stage renal disease among African Americans is twice the rate as for whites.”
BackgroundEstimating the Cost of Type 1 Diabetes in the U.S.: A Propensity Score Matching Method
Tao, B., Pietropaolo, M., Atkinson, M., Schatz, D., & Taylor, D. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011501 · Cited by 197
Drury, P. L., Ting, R., Zannino, D., Ehnholm, C., Flack, J., Whiting, M., Fassett, R., Ansquer, J.-C., Dixon, P., Davis, T. M. E., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1854-1 · Cited by 195
“FIELD was a large multinational, communitybased cohort of people who had relatively uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, representing 50,169 patient-years of follow-up, and who would be estimated to lose 4 to 8 years of life expectancy [47].”
BackgroundColeman, R. L., Stevens, R., Retnakaran, R. R., & Holman, R. R. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1358 · Cited by 192
Onat, D., Brillon, D. J., Colombo, P. C., & Schmidt, A. M. (2011) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-011-0182-2 · Cited by 183
“Accordingly, patients with diabetes have a reduced life expectancy than subjects without diabetes [2] with a higher incidence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases [3].”
Increased Mortality Risk in Women With Depression and Diabetes Mellitus
Pan, A., Lucas, M., Sun, Q., van Dam, R. M., Franco, O. H., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Ascherio, A., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.176 · Cited by 188
Colagiuri, S., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., & For the UKPDS Group (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1410 · Cited by 183
Natarajan, S., Liao, Y., Cao, G., Lipsitz, S. R., & McGee, D. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.14.1735 · Cited by 181
“CHD categories, No. (%)† MI 19 (61.3) 96 (50.3) 5 ( 25 ) 27 (24.8)”
InfluentialCause-Specific Mortality in a Population With Diabetes
Roper, N. A., Bilous, R., Kelly, W. F., Unwin, N. C., & Connolly, V. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.1.43 · Cited by 179
“Moreover, it is well recognized that the inclusion of diabetes on death certificates is low (6,8,20,21); in our study, diabetes was mentioned on the death certificates of only 45.”
BackgroundRisk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Cederholm, J., Eeg-Olofsson, K., Eliasson, B., Zethelius, B., Nilsson, P. M., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., & Register, O. B. O. T. S. N. D. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0662 · Cited by 173
Age and the Burden of Death Attributable to Diabetes in the United States
Saydah, S. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf111 · Cited by 173
“Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there are no previously published studies with data on the PAR of diabetes-related death in the United States (10, 11), nor have”
BackgroundInfluentialRuíz-Ramos, M., Escolar-Pujolar, A., Mayoral-Sánchez, E., Laureano, F. C. S., & Fernández-Fernández, I. (2006) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1157/13086022 · Cited by 171
Barrett-Connor, E. L., Giardina, E. V., Gitt, A. K., Gudat, U., Steinberg, H. O., & Tschoepe, D. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.9.934 · Cited by 171
Budin, S. B., Othman, F. B., Louis, S. R., Bakar, M. A., Das, S., & Mohamed, J. (2009) · Clinics · doi:10.1590/s1807-59322009000300015 · Cited by 169
“Alarmingly, literature statistics indicate that atherosclerosis accounts for about 8 to 10% of all diabetic deaths.(3) Hyperglycemia has been accepted as an essential factor in”
BackgroundNoto, H., Tsujimoto, T., Sasazuki, T., & Noda, M. (2011) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep10357.ra · Cited by 169
Longitudinal Incidence and Prevalence of Adverse Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Patients
Bethel, M. A. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.921 · Cited by 162
Johnson, J. A., Simpson, S. H., Toth, E. L., & Majumdar, S. R. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01448.x · Cited by 161
Wee, H. L., Cheung, Y., Li, S., Fong, K., & Thumboo, J. (2005) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-3-2 · Cited by 164
Clarke, P. M., Glasziou, P., Patel, A., Chalmers, J., Woodward, M., Harrap, S. B., Salomon, J. A., & on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000236 · Cited by 159
“. Diabetes imposes a considerable burden in terms of premature mortality, morbidity, and health care costs. Life expectancy for people with diabetes has been estimated to be up to 10 y shorter than for people without diabetes”
BackgroundPersonality and risk of diabetes in adults: Pooled analysis of 5 cohort studies.
Jokela, M. M., Elovainio, M. J., Nyberg, S. T., Tabák, Á. G., Hintsa, T., Batty, G. D., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000003 · Cited by 154
Saydah, S., Geiss, L. S., Tierney, E. F., Benjamin, S. M., Engelgau, M. M., & Brancati, F. L. (2004) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.016 · Cited by 151
Aging, Diabetes, and the Public Health System in the United States
Caspersen, C. J., Thomas, G. D., Boseman, L. A., Beckles, G. L., & Albright, A. L. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300616 · Cited by 162
Manuel, D. G., & Schultz, S. E. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.407 · Cited by 153
A longitudinal analysis of salivary flow in control subjects and older adults with type 2 diabetes
Chávez, E. M., Borrell, L. N., Taylor, G. W., & Ship, J. A. (2001) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1067/moe.2001.112054 · Cited by 148
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease by Diabetes Status
Ajani, U. A., Gaziano, J. M., Lotufo, P. A., Liu, S., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.5.500 · Cited by 144
Runx2 Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells Is Required for Arterial Medial Calcification in Mice
Lin, M.-E., Chen, T., Leaf, E. M., Speer, M. Y., & Giachelli, C. M. (2015) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.020 · Cited by 146
The influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycaemia on stroke incidence and outcome
Baird, T. A., Parsons, M. W., Barber, P. A., Butcher, K., Desmond, P. M., Tress, B. M., Colman, P. G., Jerums, G., Chambers, B. R., & Davis, S. M. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1054/jocn.2002.1081 · Cited by 142
Rapid A1c Availability Improves Clinical Decision-Making in an Urban Primary Care Clinic
Miller, C. D., Barnes, C. S., Phillips, L. S., Ziemer, D. C., Gallina, D. L., Cook, C. B., Maryman, S. D., & El‐Kebbi, I. M. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1158 · Cited by 144
Vaccaro, O. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.13.1438 · Cited by 140
“This is particularly relevant since the contribution of noncardiovascular mortality to excess all-cause mortality associated with diabetes has not received as much attention as CVD risk.(15-17,26-28) In the present study, although total mortality was quantitatively similar for men with diabetes or previous MI, the rel…”
ResultValdez, R. A., Narayan, K. M. V., Geiss, L. S., & Engelgau, M. M. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.11.1715 · Cited by 141
Nwaneri, C., Cooper, H., & Bowen-Jones, D. (2013) · The British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1177/1474651413495703 · Cited by 141
Selecting indicators for the quality of diabetes care at the health systems level in OECD countries
Nicolucci, A., Greenfield, S., & Mattke, S. (2006) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzl023 · Cited by 142
Shah, S. S., Todkar, J. S., Shah, P. S., & Cummings, D. E. (2009) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2009.08.009 · Cited by 138
Diabetes duration and cause-specific mortality in the Verona Diabetes Study.
Brun, E., Nelson, R. G., Bennett, P. H., Imperatore, G., Zoppini, G., Verlato, G., Muggeo, M., & Study, V. D. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1119 · Cited by 135
The long-term effects of laser photocoagulation treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Chew, E. Y., Ferris, F. L., Csaky, K. G., Murphy, R., Agrón, E., Thompson, D. J. S., Reed, G. F., & SCHACHAT, A. P. (2003) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00579-7 · Cited by 136
Bernard, S., Sérusclat, A., Targe, F., Charrière, S., Roth, O., Beaune, J., Berthézène, F., & Moulin, P. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1158 · Cited by 131
“C ardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death for diabetic patients (1).”
BackgroundMeta‐analysis: mortality in Crohn’s disease
Canavan, C., Abrams, K. R., & Mayberry, J. F. (2007) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03276.x · Cited by 135
“10.([52]) The concept of SMR is probably difficult for patients to grasp and information needs to be presented in terms of life expectancy, which requires further research, as does prognosis after 20 years of disease and study into the cause of the increased mortality that is seen in these patients.”
BackgroundEstimating the burden of disease attributable to diabetes in South Africa in 2000
Bradshaw, D., Pieterse, D., Norman, R. E., & Levitt, N. S. (2007) · Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa · doi:10.1080/22201009.2007.10872159 · Cited by 139
Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, K., Cowie, C. C., & Harris, M. I.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1998-07-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1138-1145
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2050695519
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 10.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- diabetes mortality, causes of death, life expectancy, survival, sex differences, racial differences, non-Hispanic blacks, insulin-treated diabetes, diabetes duration, heart disease, death certificates, adults with diabetes, age differences in mortality risk, cancer
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Population, United States, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
