Trends in Prevalence and Control of Diabetes in the United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2010
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Trends in the prevalence and control of diabetes defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are important for health care policy and planning. OBJECTIVE: To update trends in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and glycemic control. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in 1988-1994 and 1999-2010. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 20 years or older. MEASUREMENTS: We used calibrated HbA1c levels to define undiagnosed diabetes (≥6.5%); prediabetes (5.7% to 6.4%); and, among persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control (<7.0% or <8.0%). Trends in HbA1c categories were compared with fasting glucose levels (≥7.0 mmol/L [≥126 mg/dL] and 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L [100 to 125 mg/dL]). RESULTS: In 2010, approximately 21 million U.S. adults aged 20 years or older had total confirmed diabetes (self-reported diabetes or diagnostic levels for both fasting glucose and calibrated HbA1c). During 2 decades, the prevalence of total confirmed diabetes increased, but the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes remained fairly stable, reducing the proportion of total diabetes cases that are undiagnosed to 11% in 2005-2010. The prevalence of prediabetes was lower when defined by calibrated HbA1c levels than when defined by fasting glucose levels but has increased from 5.8% in 1988-1994 to 12.4% in 2005-2010 when defined by HbA1c levels. Glycemic control improved overall, but total diabetes prevalence was greater and diabetes was less controlled among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: Over the past 2 decades, the prevalence of total diabetes has increased substantially. However, the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes cases decreased, suggesting improvements in screening and diagnosis. Among the growing number of persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control improved but remains a challenge, particularly among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Approximately half of treated patients do not have adequate blood pressure or glycemic control.
“Despite the widespread availability of effective treatments, approximately half of treated patients do not have adequate blood pressure (BP) or glycemic control [4,6,7].”
From Effectiveness of Digital Medicines to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective, Open-Label, Cluster-Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results report that 55.1% of adults taking diabetes medication had HbA1c below 7.0% in 2005–2010, supporting the claim that approximately half lacked glycemic control. The cited passage does not report blood-pressure control among treated patients. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2008
Flegal, K. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2014 · Cited by 7,580 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes 2010
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s011 · Cited by 3,470 · see citing works
Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kuczmarski, R., & Johnson, C. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541 · Cited by 3,045 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Glucose, and Risk of Cause-Specific Death
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1008862 · Cited by 2,726 · see citing works
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults
Selvin, E., Steffes, M. W., Zhu, H., Matsushita, K., Wagenknecht, L., Pankow, J., Coresh, J., & Brancati, F. L. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0908359 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998.
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Nelson, D. E., Engelgau, M. M., Vinicor, F., & Marks, J. S. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Glucose Levels and Risk of Dementia
Crane, P. K., Walker, R., Hubbard, R. A., Li, G., Nathan, D. M., Zheng, H., Haneuse, S., Craft, S., Montine, T. J., Kahn, S. E., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1215740 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Short-term variability in measures of glycemia and implications for the classification of diabetes
Selvin, E. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.14.1545 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Diabetes, Comorbidities, and A1C With Functional Disability in Older Adults
Kalyani, R. R., Saudek, C. D., Brancati, F. L., & Selvin, E. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1597 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationTrends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians Versus Whites
Lee, J. R., Brancati, F. L., & Yeh, H. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0746 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Lifestyle change and mobility in obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Rejeski, W. J., Ip, E. H., Bertoni, A. G., Bray, G. A., Evans, G., Gregg, E. W., & Zhang, Q. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1110294 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Tarver-Carr, M. E., Powe, N. R., Eberhardt, M. S., LaVeist, T. A., Kington, R. S., Coresh, J., & Brancati, F. L. (2002) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000026493.18542.6a · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationHeianza, Y., Hara, S., Arase, Y., Saito, K., Fujiwara, K., Tsuji, H., Kodama, S., Hsieh, S. D., Mori, Y., Shimano, H., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60472-8 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Validity and Reliability of Self-reported Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Schneider, A. L. C., Pankow, J. S., HEISS, G. M., & Selvin, E. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws156 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationEnd-Stage Renal Disease Attributable to Diabetes Mellitus
Perneger, T., Brancati, F. L., Whelton, P. K., & Klag, M. J. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00002 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Secular Changes in U.S. Prediabetes Prevalence Defined by Hemoglobin A1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose
Bullard, K. M., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Cowie, C. C., Gregg, E. W., Geiss, L. S., Cheng, Y. J., Rolka, D. B., Williams, D. E., & Caspersen, C. J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2563 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Saydah, S., Geiss, L. S., Tierney, E. F., Benjamin, S. M., Engelgau, M. M., & Brancati, F. L. (2004) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.016 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Performance of A1C for the Classification and Prediction of Diabetes
Selvin, E., Steffes, M. W., Gregg, E. W., Brancati, F. L., & Coresh, J. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1235 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of A1C Screening Criterion on the Diagnosis of Pre-Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Mann, D. M., Carson, A. P., Shimbo, D., Fonseca, V. A., Fox, C. S., & Muntner, P. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0752 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Excess Physical Limitations Among Adults With Diabetes in the U.S. Population, 1997–1999
Ryerson, A. B., Tierney, E. F., Thompson, T. J., Engelgau, M. M., Wang, J., Gregg, E. W., & Geiss, L. S. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.206 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Decker, F. H., Luo, H., Geiss, L. S., Pearson, W. S., SAADDINE, J. B., Gregg, E. W., & Albright, A. L. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02786.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic Risk in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Pankow, J. S., Kwan, D. K., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Couper, D. J., Golden, S. H., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1457 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Diabetes and Risk of Fracture-Related Hospitalization
Schneider, A. L. C., Williams, E., Brancati, F. L., Blecker, S., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1168 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationGlycated haemoglobin and cognitive decline: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Christman, A. L., Matsushita, K., Gottesman, R. F., Mosley, T. H., Alonso, Á., Coresh, J., Hill‐Briggs, F., Sharrett, A. R., & Selvin, E. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2095-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationParallel but not equivalent: Challenges and solutions for repeated assessment of cognition over time
Gross, A. L., Inouye, S. K., Rebok, G. W., Brandt, J., Crane, P. K., Parisi, J. M., Tommet, D., Bandeen‐Roche, K., Carlson, M. C., & Jones, R. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.681628 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
No Ethnic Differences in the Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With Retinopathy
Bower, J. K., Brancati, F. L., & Selvin, E. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0404 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationImplications of Rising Prediabetes Prevalence
Abraham, T. M., & Fox, C. S. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0792 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Diabetic nephropathy among Mexican Americans
Debnath, S., Thameem, F., Alves, T. P., Nolen, J. G., Al-Shahrouri, H. Z., Bansal, S., Abboud, H. E., & Fanti, P. (2012) · Clinical Nephrology · doi:10.5414/cn107487 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [9]Organization WH Use of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation 2011 http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/report-hba1c_2011.pdf. PMID: 26158184
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036 · see citing works
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152 · Cited by 5,797 · see citing works
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892 · Cited by 2,724 · see citing works
Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 1988-2012
Menke, A., Casagrande, S., Geiss, L., & Cowie, C. C. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10029 · Cited by 2,362 · see citing works
Trends in Prescription Drug Use Among Adults in the United States From 1999-2012
Kantor, E. D., Rehm, C. D., Haas, J. S., Chan, A. T., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.13766 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Willis, M., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000534 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Polonsky, W., & Henry, R. (2016) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s106821 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Trends in diabetes treatment and control in U.S. adults, 1999-2018
Fang, M., Wang, D., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa2032271 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation Between Midlife Vascular Risk Factors and Estimated Brain Amyloid Deposition
Gottesman, R. F., Schneider, A. L. C., Zhou, Y., Coresh, J., Green, E., Gupta, N., Knopman, D. S., Mintz, A., Rahmim, A., Sharrett, A. R., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3090 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Iglay, K., Hannachi, H., Joseph Howie, P., Xu, J., Li, X., Engel, S. S., Moore, L. M., & Rajpathak, S. (2016) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2016.1168291 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Cavender, M. A., Steg, P. G., Smith, S. C., Eagle, K., Ohman, E. M., Goto, S., Kuder, J., Im, K., Wilson, P. W. F., & Bhatt, D. L. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.014796 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Wheeler, E., Leong, A., Liu, C.-T., Hivert, M.-F., Strawbridge, R. J., Podmore, C., Li, M., Yao, J., Sim, X., Hong, J., et al. (2017) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002383 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential overtreatment of diabetes mellitus in older adults with tight glycemic control
Lipska, K. J., Ross, J. S., Miao, Y., Shah, N. D., Lee, S. J., & Steinman, M. A. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7345 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
HbA1c, diabetes and cognitive decline: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Zheng, F., Yan, L., Yang, Z., Zhong, B., & Xie, W. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4541-7 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Charles, E. D., Neuschwander‐Tetri, B. A., Pablo Frias, J., Kundu, S., Luo, Y., Tirucherai, G. S., & Christian, R. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22344 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“Increased blood CPK 0 2 (8) 0 0 0 2 (2)”
BackgroundFrias, J., Virdi, N., Raja, P., Kim, Y., Savage, G., & Osterberg, L. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7833 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Odutayo, A., Gill, P., Shepherd, S., Akingbade, A., Hopewell, S., Tennankore, K., Hunn, B. H., & Emdin, C. A. (2017) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.1658 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Trends in Diabetes Incidence: The Framingham Heart Study
Abraham, T. M., Pencina, K. M., Pencina, M. J., & Fox, C. S. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1432 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Schneider, A. L. C., Kalyani, R. R., Golden, S., Stearns, S. C., Wruck, L., Yeh, H. C., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1335 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationPeng, T. Y., Ehrlich, S. F., Crites, Y., Kitzmiller, J. L., Kuzniewicz, M. W., Hedderson, M. M., & Ferrara, A. (2017) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.10.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Geographic clustering of diabetic lower-extremity amputations in low-income regions of California.
Stevens, C. D., Schriger, D. L., Raffetto, B., Davis, A. C., Zingmond, D., & Roby, D. H. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0148 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Trends in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults: 1999–2016
Fang, M. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Why is there no generic insulin? Historical origins of a modern problem
Greene, J. A., & Riggs, K. R. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms1411398 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Al-Salameh, A., Chanson, P., Bucher, S., Ringa, V., & Becquemont, L. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.007 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Overgaard, R. V., Petri, K. C., Jacobsen, L. V., & Jensen, C. B. (2016) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0410-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Thirty-Year Trends in Complications in U.S. Adults With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Fang, M., & Selvin, E. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2304 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationPittas, A. G., Westcott, G. P., & Balk, E. M. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00280-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Stock, S., Pitcavage, J. M., Simic, D., Altin, S., Graf, C., Feng, W., & Graf, T. R. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0428 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Win, T. T., Davis, H. T., & Laskey, W. K. (2016) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.115.003023 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mak, K.-H., Vidal-Petiot, E., Young, R., Sorbets, E., Greenlaw, N., Ford, I., Tendera, M., Ferrari, R., Tardif, J.-C., Udell, J. A., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chow, L. S., Zmora, R., Ma, S., Seaquist, E. R., & Schreiner, P. J. (2018) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000527 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Glycated albumin and risk of mortality in the US adult population
Rooney, M. R., Daya, N., Tang, O., McEvoy, J. W., Coresh, J., Christenson, R. H., & Selvin, E. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvab232 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, J., Zhang, K., Xu, Y., Tao, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-021-01797-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pennathur, S., Jaiswal, M., Vivekanandan-Giri, A., White, E. A., Ang, L., Raffel, D. M., Rubenfire, M., & Pop-Busui, R. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.03.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Harvey, C., Koubek, R., Bégat, V., & Jacob, S. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816658058 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Is the Current Lifestyle Modification Approach to Diabetes Prevention in the U.S. a Success?
Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Chakkalakal, R. J., & Ali, M. K. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci24-0040 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Selvin, E., Parrinello, C. M., Sacks, D. B., & Coresh, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2014-04-15
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 517-525
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- PMC
- PMC4442608
- OpenAlex
- W1996716751
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 39
- FWCI
- 67.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007024)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK089174)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- diabetes prevalence, prediabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, undiagnosed diabetes, fasting blood glucose, diabetes screening, racial disparities, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, NHANES, temporal trends, diabetes diagnosis, United States adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Blood Glucose, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Prediabetic State, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Mexican Americans, Black People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
