Cited by 2,714Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental ImpactAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production

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Methane emissions from cattle

Johnson, K. A., Johnson, D. E.·1995·Journal of Animal Science

DOI 10.2527/1995.7382483x

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Abstract

Increasing atmospheric concentrations of methane have led scientists to examine its sources of origin. Ruminant livestock can produce 250 to 500 L of methane per day. This level of production results in estimates of the contribution by cattle to global warming that may occur in the next 50 to 100 yr to be a little less than 2%. Many factors influence methane emissions from cattle and include the following: level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet, feed processing, addition of lipids or ionophores to the diet, and alterations in the ruminal microflora. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle. Many techniques exist to quantify methane emissions from individual or groups of animals. Enclosure techniques are precise but require trained animals and may limit animal movement. Isotopic and nonisotopic tracer techniques may also be used effectively. Prediction equations based on fermentation balance or feed characteristics have been used to estimate methane production. These equations are useful, but the assumptions and conditions that must be met for each equation limit their ability to accurately predict methane production. Methane production from groups of animals can be measured by mass balance, micrometeorological, or tracer methods. These techniques can measure methane emissions from animals in either indoor or outdoor enclosures. Use of these techniques and knowledge of the factors that impact methane production can result in the development of mitigation strategies to reduce methane losses by cattle. Implementation of these strategies should result in enhanced animal productivity and decreased contributions by cattle to the atmospheric methane budget.

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“…that relies on gas exchange of mainly oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and CH4 either using open-circuit chambers that analyze the composition of inflow and outflow air or closed-circuit chambers that analyze the composition of air accumulated over some time (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Ruminal fermentation, methanogenesis and nitrogen utilization of sheep receiving tropical grass hay-concentrate diets offered withSapindus saponariafruits andCratylia argenteafoliage
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Background
Methane emission, nutrient degradation and nitrogen turnover in dairy cows and their slurry at different milk production scenarios with and without concentrate supplementation
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Capper, J. L., & Bauman, D. E. (2013) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103727 · Cited by 121
“Furthermore, complete comparisons of environmental effects need to be based on an equivalent production of meat and account for the increased requirement for land and feed, the greater supporting herd population (cows, calves, heifers, and bulls) conferred by slower growth rates and reduced slaughter weights in the pa…”
Background
The combined effects of supplementing monensin and 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane emissions, growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency in beef cattle fed high-forage and high-grain diets1
Vyas, D., Alemu, A. W., McGinn, S. M., Duval, S. M., Kindermann, M., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/sky174 · Cited by 120
“Furthermore, CH4 production is a loss of potential energy for the animal representing up to 12% of total gross energy intake (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Nutritional intervention in early life to manipulate rumen microbial colonization and methane output by kid goats postweaning1
Abecia, L., Martín-García, A. I., Martínez, G., Newbold, C. J., & Yáñez-Ruíz, D. R. (2013) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2012-6142 · Cited by 127
“4832 INTRODUCTION Enteric fermentation in ruminants represents a loss of around 2% to 12% of the GE intake for the host (Johnson and Johnson, 1995) and accounts for 19% of anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions (Steinfeld et al., 2006).”
Background
Methane Production of Different Forages in In vitro Ruminal Fermentation
Meale, S. J., Chaves, A. V., Baah, J., & McAllister, T. A. (2011) · Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences · doi:10.5713/ajas.2011.11249 · Cited by 118
“Generally, the type of carbohydrate present in the forage is thought to dictate CH4 production via shifts in the ruminal microbial population (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Methane emission by goats consuming different sources of condensed tannins
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“It has been known for decades that increasing the intake of highly digestible diets in cattle leads to a decrease in methane production in the rumen [6, 44] but it is still not entirely individual liquid (L) and solid (S) rumen samples from groups R and A are shown.”
Background
Nitrate and Inhibition of Ruminal Methanogenesis: Microbial Ecology, Obstacles, and Opportunities for Lowering Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock
Yang, C., Rooke, J. A., Cabeza, I., & Wallace, R. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00132 · Cited by 132
“Ruminal methane emissions represent both a loss of 2–12% of the feed gross energy to the animal (Johnson and Johnson, 1995) and a source of GHG that leads to 37% of total GHG from agriculture in the UK (Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2015).”
Background
Mid-infrared spectrometry of milk as a predictor of energy intake and efficiency in lactating dairy cows
McParland, S., Lewis, E., Kennedy, E., Moore, S. G., McCarthy, B., O’Donovan, M., Butler, S. T., Pryce, J. E., & Berry, D. P. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8214 · Cited by 115
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Romero-Pérez, A., Okine, E. K., McGinn, S. M., Guan, L. L., Oba, M., Duval, S. M., Kindermann, M., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2014-7573 · Cited by 121
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Manzanilla-Pech, C. I. V., Løvendahl, P., Gordo, D. G. M., Difford, G. F., Pryce, J. E., Schenkel, F. S., Wegmann, S., Miglior, F., Chud, T. C. S., Moate, P. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19889 · Cited by 115
“…of this century and researchers from different disciplines including nutrition, physiology, and genetics have made substantial efforts to contribute research to develop tools that can help reduce CH 4 emissions (Johnson and Johnson, 1995; Boadi et al., 2004; Amon et al., 2006; Knapp et al., 2014).”
Background
Reducing Methane Emissions from Ruminant Animals
Mathison, G. W., Okine, E. K., McAllister, T. A., Dong, Y., Galbraith, J. K., & Dmytruk, O. I. N. (1998) · Journal of Applied Animal Research · doi:10.1080/09712119.1998.9706212 · Cited by 115
Invited Review: Methane Sources, Quantification, and Mitigation in Grazing Beef Systems
Thompson, L. R., & Rowntree, J. E. (2020) · Applied Animal Science · doi:10.15232/aas.2019-01951 · Cited by 112
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Hydrogen and methane emissions from beef cattle and their rumen microbial community vary with diet, time after feeding and genotype
Rooke, J. A., Wallace, R. J., Duthie, C.-A., McKain, N., de Souza, S. M., Hyslop, J. J., Ross, D. W., Waterhouse, A., & Roehe, R. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514000932 · Cited by 117
“Enteric production of CH4 also represents a loss of energy (from 2 to 12 % of gross energy intake (GEI))((3)), which might otherwise be available for growth or milk production.”
Background
Relationship between rumen methanogens and methane production in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with a feed enzyme additive
Zhou, M., Chung, Y.-H., Beauchemin, K. A., Holtshausen, L., Oba, M., McAllister, T. A., & Guan, L. (2011) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05126.x · Cited by 111
“1997), dietary inclusion of monensin (Van Nevel and Demeyer 1977), redirection of reducing equivalents to alternate acceptors (Johnson and Johnson 1995) and stimulation of methanogen competitors such as acetogens (Leedle and Greening 1988).”
Background
Assessment of Reductive Acetogenesis with Indigenous Ruminal Bacterium Populations and Acetitomaculum ruminis
le Van, T. D., Robinson, J. A., Ralph, J., Greening, R. C., Smolenski, W. J., Leedle, J. A. Z., & Schaefer, D. M. (1998) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.64.9.3429-3436.1998 · Cited by 112
“Johnson and Johnson (29) recently estimated that beef cattle account for 67% of methane emissions by the U.S. cattle herd.”
Background
Comparative studies of microbial populations in the rumen, duodenum, ileum and faeces of lactating dairy cows
Frey, J. C., Pell, A. N., Berthiaume, R., Lapierre, H., Lee, S., Ha, J. K., Mendell, J. E., & Angert, E. R. (2009) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04602.x · Cited by 111
“%) energy loss for the animal (Crutzen et al. 1986; Johnson et al. 1993; Johnson and Johnson 1995).”
Background
Feeding a High Concentration Diet Induces Unhealthy Alterations in the Composition and Metabolism of Ruminal Microbiota and Host Response in a Goat Model
Hua, C., Tian, J., Tian, P., Cong, R., Luo, Y., Geng, Y., Tao, S., Ni, Y., & Zhao, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00138 · Cited by 111
“Methane is mainly produced by ruminal archaea, which is responsible for methane production in the rumen (Johnson and Johnson, 1995), and Methanobrevibacter is the most common genus in archaea (Poulsen et al., 2013).”
Background
Factors affecting rumen methanogens and methane mitigation strategies
Kumar, S., Puniya, A. K., Puniya, M., Dagar, S. S., SIROHI, S. K., Singh, K. P., & Griffith, G. W. (2009) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-009-0041-3 · Cited by 111
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“Secondly, higher voluntary intakes have been reported to decrease the proportion of energy intake being lost as methane (Blaxter and Clapperton, 1965; Moss and Givens, 1995; Johnson and Johnson, 1995) due to a restriction in the extent of ruminal fermentation arising from a decrease in the mean ruminal residence time…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Bovine host genome acts on rumen microbiome function linked to methane emissions
Martínez-Álvaro, M., Auffret, M. D., Duthie, C.-A., Dewhurst, R. J., Cleveland, M. A., Watson, M., & Roehe, R. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03293-0 · Cited by 122
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McCaughey, W. P., Wittenberg, K. M., & Corrigan, D. S. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/a96-137 · Cited by 110
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“Nonetheless, substantial reductions in CH4 emissions can be achieved without feeding high levels of concentrates by altering the previously mentioned nutritional factors: microbial-altering feed additives, dietary lipids, and forage processing and quality (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluential
Molecular identification of methanogenic archaea from sheep in Queensland, Australia reveal more uncultured novel archaea
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Human Engineering and Climate Change
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“Methane is produced in the rumen by methanogenic archaea, which use the hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by enteric fermentation as substrates (9).”
Background
Prediction of enteric methane production, yield and intensity of beef cattle using an intercontinental database
van Lingen, H. J., Niu, M., Kebreab, E., Filho, S. D. C. V., Rooke, J. A., Duthie, C.-A., Schwarm, A., Kreuzer, M., Hynd, P., Caetano, M., et al. (2019) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2019.106575 · Cited by 107
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Deighton, M. H., Williams, S. R. O., Hannah, M. C., Eckard, R., Boland, T. M., Wales, W. J., & Moate, P. J. (2014) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.08.003 · Cited by 106
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“…CH 4 emissions through a replacement of fermentable feed substrate by lipid which is not fermented well in the rumen and has an inhibitory effect on fiber degradation and protozoa with their associated methanogens (Johnson and Johnson, 1995), or it affects a shift in rumen fermentation profile.”
Molecular Diversity of the Rumen Microbiome of Norwegian Reindeer on Natural Summer Pasture
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“Enteric methane emission from ruminants represents a loss of energy to the animal, with domestic ruminants like sheep and cattle losing up to 12% of their energy intake as methane due to the action of rumen methanogenic Archaea [20].”
Background
A proposed approach to estimate and reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from whole farms
Janzen, H. H., Angers, D. A., Boehm, M., Bolinder, M. A., Desjardins, R. L., Dyer, J. A., Ellert, B. H., Gibb, D. J., Gregorich, E. G., Helgason, B. L., et al. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/s05-101 · Cited by 105
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“Meanwhile, it represents a loss of 2% to 15% of the gross energy intake (Johnson and Johnson, 1995; Ellis et al., 2007).”
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Retracted
Enteric Methane Emissions and Animal Performance in Dairy and Beef Cattle Production: Strategies, Opportunities, and Impact of Reducing Emissions
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“Johnson and Johnson [3] reported that, for each kg of increase in DMI, there was, on average, a 1.”
BackgroundInfluential
3-NOP vs. Halogenated Compound: Methane Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Community Response in Forage Fed Cattle
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“1851 12% loss of gross energy intake (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
The SF6 Tracer Technique: Methane Measurement From Ruminants
Johnson, K., Westberg, H. H., Michal, J. J., & Cossalman, M. W. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6133-2_3 · Cited by 101
Rumen methanogenic genotypes differ in abundance according to host residual feed intake phenotype and diet type
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“Several studies have reported a reduction in methane emissions (53, 54, 55) when the diet shifted from HF to LF.”
BackgroundResult
Archaeal abundance in post-mortem ruminal digesta may help predict methane emissions from beef cattle
Wallace, R. J., Rooke, J. A., Duthie, C.-A., Hyslop, J. J., Ross, D. W., McKain, N., de Souza, S. M., Snelling, T. J., Waterhouse, A., & Roehe, R. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep05892 · Cited by 100
Methanogenic Population and CH 4 Production in Swedish Dairy Cows Fed Different Levels of Forage
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“For example, starch-rich diets have been shown to shift toward a lower acetate/ propionate ratio and a decreased hydrogen production, resulting in less CH4 formation (19).”
BackgroundInfluential
Hot topic: Innovative lactation-stage-dependent prediction of methane emissions from milk mid-infrared spectra
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Mitigation of enteric methane emissions through pasture management in integrated crop-livestock systems: Trade-offs between animal performance and environmental impacts
Filho, W. D. S., Nunes, P. A. D. A., Barro, R. S., Kunrath, T. R., de Almeida, G. M., Genro, T. C. M., Bayer, C., & Carvalho, P. C. D. F. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.245 · Cited by 100
“, NDF) results in more CH4 production compared with non-cell wall components (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Identification of Complex Rumen Microbiome Interaction Within Diverse Functional Niches as Mechanisms Affecting the Variation of Methane Emissions in Bovine
Martínez-Álvaro, M., Auffret, M. D., Stewart, R. D., Dewhurst, R. J., Duthie, C.-A., Rooke, J. A., Wallace, R. J., Shih, B. B.-J., Freeman, T. C., Watson, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00659 · Cited by 120
“However, intensive food production affects the environment with the release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Effect of concentrate feed level on methane emissions from grazing dairy cows
Jiao, H., Dale, A. J., Carson, A. F., Murray, S., Gordon, A. W., & Ferris, C. P. (2014) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-7979 · Cited by 100
“Conversely, concentrate-based diets normally contain greater proportions of more readily fermentable components that favor propionate production during rumen fermentation, with a consequent reduction in CH4 production per unit of fermentable OM in the rumen (Johnson and Johnson 1995).”
Background
Effects of Ionophores on Ruminal Function of Beef Cattle
Marques, R. D. S., & Cooke, R. F. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11102871 · Cited by 99
“Methane represents an energy loss to the animal, ranging from 2% to 12% of gross energy intake [15,37].”
Meta‐analyses of effects of phytochemicals on digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics associated with methanogenesis
Patra, A. K. (2010) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.4143 · Cited by 99
Effects of a combination of feed additives on methane production, diet digestibility, and animal performance in lactating dairy cows
van Zijderveld, S. M., Fonken, B. J., Dijkstra, J., Gerrits, W. J. J., Perdok, H. B., Fokkink, W. B., & Newbold, J. R. (2011) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3635 · Cited by 99
“Methane losses can vary as much as 2 to 12% of the ingested gross energy by the animal (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review
Mahesh, M. S., & Mohini, M. (2013) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb2012.2940 · Cited by 98
“In general, methanogenic potential of ruminal microflora is greatest for the fermentation of structural carbohydrates compared to that of non structural carbohydrates (Torrent et al., 1994; Johnson and Johnson, 1995; Boadi et al., 2004).”
Background
Diversity of gut methanogens in herbivorous animals.
St-Pierre, B., & Wright, A.-D. G. (2013) · Animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731112000912 · Cited by 98
“First, enteric production of methane has a negative impact on animal productivity, resulting in lost energy ranging from 2% to 12% of the animal’s gross energy intake (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Garlic oil and its principal component diallyl disulfide fail to mitigate methane, but improve digestibility in sheep
Klevenhusen, F., Zeitz, J. O., Duval, S. M., Kreuzer, M., & Soliva, C. R. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.071 · Cited by 99
Livestock methane emission and its perspective in the global methane cycle
Lassey, K. R. (2008) · Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture · doi:10.1071/ea07220 · Cited by 98
Methane production in cattle calculated by the nutrient composition of the diet
Jentsch, W., Schweigel, M., Weißbach, F., Scholze, H., Pittroff, W., & Derno, M. (2007) · Archives of Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1080/17450390601106580 · Cited by 98
“Methane, a powerful greenhouse gas contributing to global warming (Johnson & Johnson 1995 ), is naturally produced in ruminants.”
Background
Inhibition of Rumen Methanogenesis and Ruminant Productivity: A Meta-Analysis
Ungerfeld, E. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00113 · Cited by 111
“Yijk = μ + exp[cluster](random)ij + cluster(random)j + β0GEIijk +β1CH4ijk + β2CH 2 4ijk + ECH4ijk + resijk (4)”
BackgroundMethod
Increasing linseed supply in dairy cow diets based on hay or corn silage: Effect on enteric methane emission, rumen microbial fermentation, and digestion
Martin, C., Ferlay, A., Mosoni, P., Rochette, Y., Chilliard, Y., & Doreau, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10110 · Cited by 103
Highly selective and sensitive CH4 gas sensors based on flame-spray-made Cr-doped SnO2 particulate films
Bunpang, K., Wisitsoraat, A., Tuantranont, A., Singkammo, S., Phanichphant, S., & Liewhiran, C. (2019) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.049 · Cited by 97
Inhibition of methanogens by bromochloromethane: effects on microbial communities and rumen fermentation using batch and continuous fermentations
Goel, G., Makkar, H. P. S., & Becker, K. (2009) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508076198 · Cited by 96
“In recent years, methane production from the livestock has gained considerable attention due to the significant role of methane in global warming((1)).”
Background
Invited review: Advances in nutrition and feed additives to mitigate enteric methane emissions
Hristov, A. N. (2024) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-24440 · Cited by 95
Methane emissions, feed intake, performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of finishing beef cattle offered whole-crop wheat silages differing in grain content1
Geough, E. J. M., O’Kiely, P., Hart, K. J., MOLONEY, A. P., Boland, T. M., & Kenny, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2009-2750 · Cited by 96
Does the complexity of the rumen microbial ecology preclude methane mitigation?
Wright, A. G., & Klieve, A. V. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.015 · Cited by 95
Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures in Chinese agroecosystems
Guo, J., & Zhou, C. (2006) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.029 · Cited by 95
Monensin and Nisin Affect Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota Differently In Vitro
Shen, J., Liu, Z., Yu, Z., & Zhu, W. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01111 · Cited by 98
Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation
Kongmun, P., Wanapat, M., Pakdee, P., Navanukraw, C., & Yu, Z. (2010) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.131 · Cited by 96
“Fatty acids in the diet provide an alternative hydrogen sink and also inhibit protozoa (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands
Cardoso, A. D. S., Barbero, R. P., Romanzini, E. P., Teobaldo, R. W., Ongaratto, F., Fernandes, M. H. M. R., Ruggieri, A. C., & Reis, R. A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166656 · Cited by 109
“In grassland ecosystems, the main GHGs are CO2, CH4, and N2O.”
BackgroundInfluential
Mitigation of ruminant methane production: current strategies, constraints and future options
Iqbal, M. F., Cheng, Y., Zhu, W., & Zeshan, B. (2008) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-008-9819-y · Cited by 93
Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production
Szumacher-Strabel, M., & Cieślak, A. (2010) · Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences · doi:10.22358/jafs/66296/2010 · Cited by 90
“Johnson and Johnson (1995) assessed the energy loss deriving from the process of fermentation as 2 to 12% of feed gross energy.”
Background
Capitalizing on fine milk composition for breeding and management of dairy cows
Gengler, N., Soyeurt, H., Dehareng, F., Bastin, C., Colinet, F. G., Hammami, H., Vanrobays, M.-L., Lainé, A., Vanderick, S., Grelet, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10140 · Cited by 93
“These emissions contribute to the carbon footprint of dairy products, but also represent a loss of use of gross energy intake (Johnson and Johnson, 1995) and are closely linked to feed energy efficiency.”
Background
Effects of hydrolyzable tannin with or without condensed tannin on methane emissions, nitrogen use, and performance of beef cattle fed a high-forage diet1,2
Aboagye, I. A., Oba, M., Castillo, A. R., Koenig, K. M., Iwaasa, A. D., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/sky352 · Cited by 108
“Beef cattle fed high-forage diets lose about 6% to 12% of their energy intake into the atmosphere as enteric CH4 (Johnson and Johnson, 1995) representing a potential source of inefficiency.”
Background
Enteric methane emission, milk production, and composition of dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol
Audino Melgar, M., Lage, C. F. A., Nedelkov, K., Räisänen, S. E., Stefenoni, H., Fetter, M. E., Chen, X., Oh, J., Duval, S. M., Kindermann, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18908 · Cited by 95
Methane emissions from grazing Angus beef cows selected for divergent residual feed intake
Jones, F. M., Phillips, F. A., Naylor, T., & Mercer, N. B. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.020 · Cited by 92
Methane emissions from sheep fed fresh brassicas (Brassica spp.) compared to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Sun, X., Waghorn, G. C., Hoskin, S. O., Harrison, S. J., Muetzel, S., & Pacheco, D. (2012) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.013 · Cited by 92
Effects of coconut and fish oils on ruminal methanogenesis, fermentation, and abundance and diversity of microbial populations in vitro
Patra, A. K., & Yu, Z. (2013) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2012-6159 · Cited by 97
“Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in the rumen accounts for a loss of 2 to 12% of the ingested gross energy (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Inhibiting methane production in Brahman cattle by dietary supplementation with a novel compound and the effects on growth
McCrabb, G. J., Berger, K. T., Magner, T., May, C. D., & Hunter, R. A. (1997) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1071/a96119 · Cited by 92
“nal microflora (Johnson and Johnson 1995).”
Characterization of the ruminal fermentation and microbiome in lambs supplemented with hydrolysable and condensed tannins
Salami, S. A., Valenti, B., Bella, M., O ' Grady, M. N., Luciano, G., Kerry, J. P., Jones, E., Priolo, A., & Newbold, C. J. (2018) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiy061 · Cited by 91
“Moreover, methane losses constitute 2 to 12% loss of gross energy intake in ruminants and could undermine animal productivity (Johnson and Johnson 1995).”
Background
A meta-analysis of the effect of dietary fat on enteric methane production, digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep, and a comparison of these responses between cattle and sheep
Patra, A. K. (2014) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.007 · Cited by 98
“, 2009), diminishing the quantity of feeds fermented in the rumen, and through biohydrogenation (a hydrogen sink) of unsaturated fatty acids (Beauchemin et al., 2009; Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
Prediction of enteric methane output from milk fatty acid concentrations and rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows fed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds
Mohammed, R., McGinn, S. M., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2011) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2011-4369 · Cited by 91
“Current measurement techniques, such as whole-animal chambers and tracer gas techniques, require complex instrumentation and, thus, are limited in their use (Johnson and Johnson, 1995).”
Background
A portrait of wellbore leakage in northeastern British Columbia, Canada
Wisen, J., Chesnaux, R., Werring, J., Wendling, G., Baudron, P., & Barbecot, F. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1817929116 · Cited by 91
Validation of the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique for measurement of methane and carbon dioxide production by cattle
Boadi, D. A., Wittenberg, K. M., & Kennedy, A. D. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/a01-054 · Cited by 91
Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot
Boadi, D. A., Wittenberg, K. M., Scott, S. L., Burton, D. L., Buckley, K. M., Small, J. A., & Ominski, K. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/a03-079 · Cited by 91
Inhibition of rumen methanogenesis by tea saponins with reference to fermentation pattern and microbial communities in Hu sheep
Zhou, Y., Mao, H. L., Jiang, F., Wang, J. K., Liu, J., & McSweeney, C. S. (2011) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.007 · Cited by 91
Treating cattle with antibiotics affects greenhouse gas emissions, and microbiota in dung and dung beetles
Hammer, T. J., Fierer, N., Hardwick, B., Simojoki, A., Slade, E. M., Taponen, J., Viljanen, H., & Roslin, T. V. (2016) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0150 · Cited by 97
“Previous studies have 279 found either a short-lived decrease [65], or no effect following antibiotic treatment 280 [66,67]; to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotics increasing methane 281 emissions.”
Background
Measures of methane production and their phenotypic relationships with dry matter intake, growth, and body composition traits in beef cattle1,2
Herd, R. M., Arthur, P. F., Donoghue, K. A., Bird, S. H., Bird-Gardiner, T. L., & Hegarty, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2014-8273 · Cited by 90
Strategic grazing management towards sustainable intensification at tropical pasture-based dairy systems
Congio, G. F. D. S., Batalha, C. D. A., Chiavegato, M. B., Berndt, A., Oliveira, P. P. A., Frighetto, R. T. S., Maxwell, T. M. R., Gregorini, P., & da Silva, S. C. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.301 · Cited by 90
Phylogenetic Study of Methanogens Associated with Rumen Ciliates
Tokura, M., Chagan, I., Ushida, K., & KOJIMA, Y. (1999) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s002849900432 · Cited by 90
“Recently the contribution of methane to global warming has been emphasized [10].”
Background
Ruminal methane inhibition potential of various pure compounds in comparison with garlic oil as determined with a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)
Soliva, C. R., Amelchanka, S. L., Duval, S. M., & Kreuzer, M. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510005684 · Cited by 93
Effect of Pre-weaning Diet on the Ruminal Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities of Dairy Calves
Dias, J., Marcondes, M. I., Noronha, M. F., Resende, R. T., Machado, F. S., Mantovani, H. C., Dill‐McFarland, K. A., & Suen, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01553 · Cited by 99
“…in the abundance of amylolytic populations) can also lead to decreases in the acetate-to-propionate ratio and H2 availability within the rumen (Johnson and Johnson, 1995; Martin et al., 2010), which in turn affects the archaeal Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 13 August 2017 |…”
Background
A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock
Yu, G., Beauchemin, K. A., & Dong, R. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11123540 · Cited by 109

Authors: Johnson, K. A., & Johnson, D. E.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
ORCID: Johnson, K. A.
Venue: Journal of Animal Science
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1995-08-01
Volume: 73
Issue: 8
Pages: 2483-2492
ISSN: 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
1525-3163
DOI: 10.2527/1995.7382483x
OpenAlex: W1837026033
Cited by: 2,714
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 131 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 197 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 154 · 2019: 133 · 2018: 135 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 161 · 2014: 150 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 114
FWCI: 9.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
Keywords: methane emissions, cattle, ruminant livestock, enteric methane, global warming, methane mitigation, feed intake, dietary carbohydrates, feed processing, dietary fat, ionophores, tracer techniques, mass balance, micrometeorological methods, methane budget
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Feed, Atmosphere, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Chromatography, Gas, Diet, Eating, Eructation, Female, Fermentation, Methane, Rumen, Mass Spectrometry, Greenhouse Effect

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