CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 57Circadian rhythm and melatoninHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Effect of Sex, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Oral Contraceptive Use on Circadian Temperature Rhythms

Kattapong, Kristienne R., Fogg, Louis F., Eastman, Charmane I.·1995·Chronobiology International
DOI 10.3109/07420529509057274
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The circadian rhythm of rectal temperature was continuously recorded over several consecutive days in young men and women on regular nocturnal sleep schedules. There were 50 men, 21 women with natural menstrual cycles [i.e., not taking oral contraceptives (OCs) (10 in the follicular phase and 11 in the luteal phase)], and 14 women using OCs (6 in the pseudofollicular phase and 8 in the pseudoluteal phase). Circadian phase and amplitude were estimated using a curve-fitting procedure, and temperature levels were determined from the raw data. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data from the four groups of women, with factors menstrual cycle phase (follicular, luteal) and OC use (yes, no), showed that temperature during sleep was lower during the follicular phase than during the luteal phase. Since waking temperatures were similar in the two phases, the circadian amplitude was also larger during the follicular phase. The lower follicular phase sleep temperature also resulted in a lower 24-h temperature during the follicular phase. The two-way ANOVA showed that temperature during sleep and 24-h temperature were lower in naturally cycling women than in women taking OCs. A one-way ANOVA on the temperature rhythm parameters from the five groups of subjects showed that the temperature rhythms of the men and of the naturally cycling women in the follicular phase were not significantly different. Both of these groups had lower temperatures during sleep, lower 24-h temperatures, and larger circadian amplitudes than the other groups. There were no significant differences in circadian phase among the five groups studied. In conclusion, menstrual cycle phase, OC use, and sex affect the amplitude and level, but not the phase, of the overt circadian temperature rhythm.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3109/07420529509057274

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Most studies that confirmed ovulatory cycles found that the nocturnal decline in core body temperature is blunted, reducing the amplitude of the daily temperature rhythm in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase.

    “the nocturnal decline in core body temperature is blunted, reducing the amplitude of the daily temperature rhythm in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase (Figure 2; 35,65-75).”

    From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [69]

  • Most studies that confirmed ovulatory cycles found that mean or mesor core body temperature is increased in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase.

    “Most studies that confirmed the presence of ovulatory cycles found that the mean or mesor core body temperature is increased”

    From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [69]

  • Two studies that recorded 24-h core body temperature rhythms did not find a difference in 24-h mean or minimum body temperatures between the active and placebo phases of the oral contraceptive regime.

    “In contrast to recordings of short-term resting temperatures, two studies that have recorded 24-h core body temperature rhythms did not find a difference in 24-h mean or minimum body temperatures between the active and placebo phases of the oral contraceptive regime [69,80]”

    From Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle (2020) · cites this paper as [69]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Kattapong, K. R., Fogg, L. F., & Eastman, C. I.
Affiliations
Rush University Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
Chronobiology International
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1995-01
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
257-266
ISSN
  • 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-6073
DOI
10.3109/07420529509057274
OpenAlex
W2011157381
Cited by
57
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
circadian temperature rhythm, menstrual cycle phases, oral contraceptives, follicular phase, luteal phase, sex differences, rectal temperature, circadian amplitude, circadian phase

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review