Attachment style and oxytocin receptor gene variation interact in influencing social anxiety
Abstract
Objectives Social anxiety has been suggested to be promoted by an insecure attachment style. Oxytocin is discussed as a mediator of trust and social bonding as well as a modulator of social anxiety. Applying a gene-environment (G × E) interaction approach, in the present pilot study the main and interactive effects of attachment styles and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variation were probed in a combined risk factor model of social anxiety in healthy probands. Methods Participants (N = 388; 219 females, 169 males; age 24.7 ± 4.7 years) were assessed for anxiety in social situations (Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory) depending on attachment style (Adult Attachment Scale, AAS) and OXTR rs53576 A/G genotype. Results A less secure attachment style was significantly associated with higher social anxiety. This association was partly modulated by OXTR genotype, with a stronger negative influence of a less secure attachment style on social anxiety in A allele carriers as compared to GG homozygotes. Conclusions The present pilot data point to a strong association of less secure attachment and social anxiety as well as to a gene-environment interaction effect of OXTR rs53576 genotype and attachment style on social anxiety possibly constituting a targetable combined risk marker of social anxiety disorder.
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There is evidence of associations between parental attachment insecurity and social anxiety.
“There is evidence of associations between parental attachment insecurity and social anxiety (Manning et al., 2017;Notzon et al., 2016)”
From Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition (2023) · cites this paper as Notzon et al., 2016
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Environmental and Genetic Contributions to Attachment in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood
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SOSİAL FOBİYANIN YENİYETMƏLİK DÖVRÜNDƏ ŞƏXSİYYƏTİN FORMALAŞMASINA T
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Notzon, S., Domschke, K., Holitschke, K., Ziegler, C., Arolt, V., Pauli, P., Reif, A., Deckert, J., & Zwanzger, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Domschke, K.
- Venue
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-10-21
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-83
- ISSN
- 1562-2975 (ISSN-L)
- 1814-1412
- OpenAlex
- W2163675850
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- social anxiety, attachment styles, insecure attachment, oxytocin receptor gene, OXTR rs53576, gene-environment interaction, social anxiety disorder
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Female, Genotype, Germany, Humans, Male, Object Attachment, Pilot Projects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Genetic Variation, Receptors, Oxytocin, Young Adult, Self Report, Gene-Environment Interaction, Healthy Volunteers
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