Cited by 193Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesStress Responses and Cortisol

Oxytocin receptor gene methylation: converging multilevel evidence for a role in social anxiety

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Ziegler, Christiane, Dannlowski, Udo, Bräuer, David, Stevens, Stephan, Laeger, Inga, Wittmann, Hannah, Kugel, Harald, Dobel, Christian +11 more·2015·Neuropsychopharmacology

Abstract

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a commonly occurring and highly disabling disorder. The neuropeptide oxytocin and its receptor (OXTR) have been implicated in social cognition and behavior. This study-for the first time applying a multilevel epigenetic approach-investigates the role of OXTR gene methylation in categorical, dimensional, and intermediate neuroendocrinological/neural network phenotypes of social anxiety. A total of 110 unmedicated patients with SAD and matched 110 controls were analyzed for OXTR methylation by direct sequencing of sodium bisulfite-converted DNA extracted from whole blood. Furthermore, OXTR methylation was investigated regarding SAD-related traits (Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS)), salivary cortisol response during the Trier social stress test (TSST), and amygdala responsiveness to social phobia related verbal stimuli using fMRI. Significantly decreased OXTR methylation particularly at CpG Chr3: 8 809 437 was associated with (1) the categorical phenotype of SAD (p<0.001, Cohen's d=0.535), (2) increased SPS and SIAS scores (p<0.001), (3) increased cortisol response to the TSST (p=0.02), and (4) increased amygdala responsiveness during social phobia-related word processing (right: p(corr)<0.001; left: p(corr)=0.005). Assuming that decreased OXTR methylation confers increased OXTR expression, the present finding may reflect a compensatory upregulation for pathologically reduced oxytocin levels or a causally relevant increased OXTR activation in SAD and related traits. OXTR methylation patterns might thus serve as peripheral surrogates of oxytocin tone and aid in establishing accessible biomarkers of SAD risk allowing for indicated preventive interventions and personalized treatment approaches targeting the oxytocin system.

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Authors
Ziegler, C., Dannlowski, U., Bräuer, D., Stevens, S., Laeger, I., Wittmann, H., Kugel, H., Dobel, C., Hurlemann, R., Reif, A., Lesch, K.-P., Heindel, W., Kirschbaum, C., Arolt, V., Gerlach, A. L., Hoyer, J., Deckert, J., Zwanzger, P., & Domschke, K.
Affiliations
  • University of Würzburg (DE)
  • University of Münster (DE)
  • Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
  • University of Cologne (DE)
  • University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author
Domschke, Katharina
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Published
2015-01-07
Volume
40
Issue
6
Pages
1528-1538
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
OpenAlex
W2104323563
Cited by
193
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17
FWCI
41.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TRR‐58, 602805, FOR 2107, SFB TRR 58)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
oxytocin receptor, social anxiety disorder, epigenetics, oxytocin, salivary cortisol, Trier Social Stress Test, biomarkers, oxytocinergic system
MeSH terms
Adult, Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Social Behavior, Genetic Variation, Receptors, Oxytocin, DNA Methylation

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