Natural variation in the oxytocin receptor gene and rearing interact to influence reproductive and nonreproductive social behavior and receptor binding
Open accessAbstract
Individual variation in social behavior offers an opportunity to explore gene-by-environment interactions that could contribute to adaptative or atypical behavioral profiles (e.g., autism spectrum disorders). Outbred, socially monogamous prairie voles provide an excellent model to experimentally explore how natural variations in rearing and genetic diversity interact to shape reproductive and nonreproductive social behavior. In this study, we manipulated rearing (biparental versus dam-only), genotyped the intronic NT213739 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the oxytocin receptor gene (Oxtr), and then assessed how each factor and their interaction related to reciprocal interactions and partner preference in male and female adult prairie voles. We found that C/T subjects reared biparentally formed more robust partner preferences than T/T subjects. In general, dam-only reared animals huddled less with a conspecific in reproductive and nonreproductive contexts, but the effect of rearing was more pronounced in T/T animals. In line with previous literature, C/T animals exhibited higher densities of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in the striatum (caudoputamen, nucleus accumbens) compared to T/T subjects. There was also a gene-by-rearing interaction in the striatum and insula of females: In the insula, T/T females expressed varying OXTR densities depending on rearing. Overall, this study demonstrates that significant differences in adult reproductive and nonreproductive social behavior and OXTR density can arise due to natural differences in Oxtr, experimental manipulations of rearing, and their interaction.
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C/T animals display more robust preferences for their partner overall compared to T/T voles, whereas T/T animals show more pronounced effects of rearing on later partner preference.
“C/T animals display more robust preferences for their partner overall, compared to T/T voles, whereas T/T animals show more pronounced effects of rearing on later partner preference [70].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
The Results section on partner-preference testing reports a significant interaction between rearing and genotype and a significant partner preference in biparentally reared C/T males, but not in either T/T male group (page unavailable). It does not establish that C/T voles have stronger preferences overall regardless of rearing, or that rearing has a more pronounced effect on partner preference specifically in T/T voles; the reported female subgroup results also differ from that pattern. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenetic polymorphisms in the vole Oxtr robustly predict nucleus accumbens OXTR density, which predicts resilience to parental neglect.
“Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the vole Oxtr robustly predict NAc OXTR density, which predicts resilience to parental neglect.”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
The Results (‘Genotype and a Genotype-by-Rearing Interaction Affected Striatal OXTR Density’; page unavailable) report a strong association between Oxtr genotype and nucleus accumbens OXTR density. The Discussion reports that genotype and dam-only rearing interact to shape social behavior, but does not establish that nucleus accumbens OXTR density predicts resilience to parental neglect; dam-only rearing is the condition studied here. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe C/C, C/T, and T/T variants of the single nucleotide polymorphism NT213739 of Oxtr predict high, medium, and low OXTR expression in the nucleus accumbens, respectively.
“The C/C, C/T, and T/T variants of the single nucleotide polymorphism NT213739 of Oxtr predict high, medium, and low OXTR expression in the NAc, respectively [70].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
Robust individual differences in the nucleus accumbens relate to individual variation in alloparental nurturing behavior, and resilience to early-life adversity with respect to later-life pair bonding.
“Robust individual differences in NAcc relate to individual variation in alloparental nurturing behavior, and resilience to early-life adversity with respect to later-life pair bonding (142, 143).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [143]
Variation in OXTR density in the nucleus accumbens is determined by genetic variation in the Oxtr gene, which in turn predicts how early-life nurturing experience affects later-life bonding ability.
“This variation in OXTR density in the NAcc is determined by genetic variation in the Oxtr gene (144), which in turn predicts how early-life nurturing experience affects laterlife bonding ability (143).”
From Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior: From Neural Circuits to Clinical Opportunities (2022) · cites this paper as [143]
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“The C/C, C/T, and T/T variants of the single nucleotide polymorphism NT213739 of Oxtr predict high, medium, and low OXTR expression in the NAc, respectively [70].”
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- Authors
- Ahern, T. H., Olsen, S., Tudino, R., & Beery, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Quinnipiac University (US)
- Smith College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahern, Todd H.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 128
- Pages
- 105209
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8131238
- OpenAlex
- W3148545748
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 5.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Smith ScholarWorks (Smith College) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- oxytocin receptor gene, oxytocin receptor, Microtus ochrogaster, gene-environment interaction, rearing behavior, mate preferences, social monogamy, single nucleotide polymorphisms, striatum, insula, receptor binding density, autism spectrum disorder, social behavior genetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arvicolinae, Female, Male, Oxytocin, Protein Binding, Reproduction, Social Behavior, Neostriatum, Receptors, Oxytocin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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