Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective observational studies
Open accessAbstract
Aims/Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and the risk of all type dementia ( ATD ), A lzheimer's disease ( AD ) and vascular dementia ( VaD ). Materials and Methods: Prospective observational studies describing the incidence of ATD , AD and VaD in patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE and other databases up to January 2012. Pooled relative risk ( RR ) estimates and 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) were calculated using the random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. Results: A total of 28 studies contributed to the analysis. Pooled RR of developing ATD ( n = 20) was 1.73 (1.65–1.82, I 2 = 71.2%), AD ( n = 20) was 1.56 (1.41–1.73, I 2 = 9.8%) and VaD ( n = 13) was 2.27 (1.94–2.66, I 2 = 0%) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Higher and medium quality studies did not show any significant difference for pooled RR for ATD , AD or VaD . Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of pooled RR among ATD , AD and VaD , showing no single study had a major impact on pooled RR . Conclusions: The results showed a 73% increased risk of ATD , 56% increase of AD and 127% increase of VaD in diabetes patients.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hypertension and diabetes are among the factors associated with a higher risk of dementia.
“These factors include hypertension 85,[105][106][107] and diabetes.[108][109][110]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [108]
A meta-analysis found that people with diabetes have a 73% higher risk of all types of dementia than people without diabetes.
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
A meta-analysis found that people with diabetes have a 127% higher risk of vascular dementia than people without diabetes.
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
A meta-analysis found that people with diabetes have a 56% higher risk of Alzheimer dementia than people without diabetes.
“A meta-analysis of prospective and observational studies in PWD showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and a 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (115).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [115]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069 · see citing works
Román, G. C., Tatemichi, T. K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J. L., Masdeu, J. C., Garcia, J. H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.-M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.250 · Cited by 4,921 · see citing works
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Seven out of 10 studies by Biessels et al.47 and five out of nine studies by Kloppenborg et al.53 reported a higher risk of dementia in patients with diabetes.”
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H. A. P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1937 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus
Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., Araki, E., Ito, C., Inagaki, N., Iwamoto, Y., Kasuga, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function
Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.661 · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life
Whitmer, R. A., Sidney, S., Selby, J., Johnston, S. C., & Yaffe, K. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000149519.47454.f2 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies
Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1256 · Cited by 1,207 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Peila et al.(10) have also reported a high association (a fivefold increase) between AD and diabetes, particularly among carriers of the APOE e4 allele.”
BackgroundCheng, G., Huang, C., Deng, H., & Wang, H. (2012) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02758.x · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Kashiwagi, A., Kasuga, M., Araki, E., Oka, Y., Hanafusa, T., Ito, H., Tominaga, M., Oikawa, S., Noda, M., Kawamura, T., et al. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00207.x · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Ma, J., Yee, A., Brewer, H. B., Das, S., & Potter, H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372092a0 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Cognitive Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus
Kodl, C. T., & Seaquist, E. R. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0034 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders
Profenno, L. A., Porsteinsson, A. P., & Faraone, S. V. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.013 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Cohort Study
Leibson, C. L., Rocca, W. A., Hanson, V. A., Cha, R., Kokmen, E., O'Brien, P. C., & Palumbo, P. J. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009106 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia
Ahtiluoto, S., Polvikoski, T. M., Peltonen, M., Solomon, A., Tuomilehto, J., Winblad, B. G., Sulkava, R. O., & Kivipelto, M. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f4d7f8 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Insulin resistance is associated with the pathology of Alzheimer disease: The Hisayama Study
Matsuzaki, T., Sasaki, K., Tanizaki, Y., Hata, J., Fujimi, K., Matsui, Y., Sekita, A., Suzuki, S. O., Kanba, S., Kiyohara, Y., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181eee25f · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community
Ohara, T., Doi, Y., Ninomiya, T., Hirakawa, Y., Hata, J., Iwaki, T., Kanba, S., & Kiyohara, Y. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31822f0435 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project
Xu, W., Qiu, C., Wåhlin, Å., Winblad, B. G., & Fratiglioni, L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000140291.86406.d1 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Advanced Glycation End Products in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Sasaki, N., Fukatsu, R., Tsuzuki, K., Hayashi, Y., Yoshida, T., Fujii, N., Koike, T., WAKAYAMA, I., Yanagihara, R. T., Garruto, R. M., et al. (1998) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65659-3 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Selkoe, D. J., Ihara, Y., & Salazar, F. J. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6120571 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Hsu, C.-C., Wahlqvist, M. L., Lee, M.-S., & Tsai, H.-N. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-101524 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Kloppenborg, R. P., van den Berg, E., Kappelle, L. J., & Biessels, G. J. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.049 · Cited by 368 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Seven out of 10 studies by Biessels et al.47 and five out of nine studies by Kloppenborg et al.53 reported a higher risk of dementia in patients with diabetes.”
BackgroundVascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
Li, J., Wang, Y. J., Zhang, M., Xu, Z. Q., Gao, C. Y., Fang, C. Q., Yan, J. C., & Zhou, H. D. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318217e7a4 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Craft, S. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.021 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Stroke and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Honig, L. S., Tang, M., Albert, S. M., Costa, R., Luchsinger, J. A., Manly, J. J., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. P. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.12.1707 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for Incident Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia
Raffaitin, C., Gin, H., Empana, J. P., Helmer, C., Berr, C., Tzourio, C., Portet, F., Dartigues, J., Alpérovitch, A., & Barberger‐Gateau, P. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0272 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function
Posner, H. B., Tang, M. X., Luchsinger, J. A., Lantigua, R., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. P. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.8.1175 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
MacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E., & McDowell, I. (2002) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000064928 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Enhanced Risk for Alzheimer Disease in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes and APOE ε4
Irie, F., Fitzpatrick, A. L., López, O. L., Kuller, L. H., Peila, R., Newman, A. B., & Launer, L. J. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2007.29 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Vascular Risk Factors for Incident Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia: The Cache County Study
Hayden, K. M., Zandi, P. P., Lyketsos, C. G., Khachaturian, A. S., Bastian, L. A., Charoonruk, G., Tschanz, J. T., Norton, M. C., Pieper, C. F., Munger, R. G., et al. (2006) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/01.wad.0000213814.43047.86 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Developing Alzheimer Disease
Akomolafe, A., Beiser, A., Meigs, J. B., Au, R., Green, R. C., Farrer, L. A., Wolf, P. A., & Seshadri, S. S. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.11.1551 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based, longitudinal study in Manitoba, Canada
Tyas, S. L., Manfreda, J., Strain, L. A., & Montgomery, P. R. (2001) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.590 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus in midlife and the risk of dementia three decades later
Beeri, M. S., Goldbourt, U., Silverman, J. M., Noy, S., Schmeidler, J., Ravona‐Springer, R., Sverdlick, A., & Davidson, M. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000144278.79488.dd · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Impaired insulin secretion increases the risk of Alzheimer disease
Rönnemaa, E., Zethelius, B., Sundelöf, J. E., Sundström, J., Degerman-Gunnarsson, M., Berne, C., Lannfelt, L., & Kilander, L. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000310646.32212.3a · Cited by 240 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, Ronnemaa et al.(52) reported that a reduction in insulin secretion was associated with the onset of AD.”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of apolipoproteins and their receptors in the CNS and Alzheimer's disease
Beffert, U. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00008-3 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinemia and Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged Cohort
Young, S. E., Mainous, A. G., & Carnemolla, M. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0915 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Hassing, L. B., Johansson, B. E. A., Nilsson, S. E., Berg, S., Pedersen, N. L., Gatz, M., & McClearn, G. E. (2002) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161020200844x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Molecular connexions between dementia and diabetes
Cole, A. R., Astell, A. J., Green, C., & Sutherland, C. D. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.004 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in older people with diabetes
Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., Casey, G. P., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Clarnette, R., Foster, J. K., Almeida, O. P., & Davis, T. M. E. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0894-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Alonso, Á., Mosley, T. H., Gottesman, R. F., Catellier, D., Sharrett, A. R., & Coresh, J. (2009) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.176818 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Cheng, D., Noble, J. M., Tang, M. ‐., Schupf, N., Mayeux, R. P., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2011) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000324134 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in diabetic patients: Can diabetic control prevent cognitive decline?
Kawamura, T., Umemura, T., & Hotta, N. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00234.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Developmental and vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Borenstein, A. R., Wu, Y., Mortimer, J. A., Schellenberg, G. D., McCormick, W. C., Bowen, J. D., McCurry, S. M., & Larson, E. B. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.04.010 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dolev, I., & Michaelson, D. M. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0404458101 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women
Kimm, H., Lee, P. H., Shin, Y., Park, K. S., Jo, J., Lee, Y., Kang, H., & Jee, S. H. (2010) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.09.004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A Prospective Analysis of Elevated Fasting Glucose Levels and Cognitive Function in Older People
Euser, S. M., Sattar, N. A., Witteman, J. C. M., Bollen, E. L. E. M., Sijbrands, E. J. G., Albert Hofman, D., Perry, I. J., Breteler, M. M. B., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Study, F. P. A. T. R. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0568 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Glycation and Microglial Reaction in Lesions of Alzheimer's Disease
Dickson, D. W., Sinicropi, S., Yen, S.-H. C., Ko, L., Mattiace, L. A., Bucala, R., & Vlassara, H. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00116-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Toro, P., Schönknecht, P., & Schröder, J. (2009) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2009-0981 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Peters, R. K., Poulter, R., Beckett, N. S., Forette, F., Fagard, R. H., Potter, J. F., Swift, C. G., Anderson, C. S., FLETCHER, A. E., & Bulpitt, C. J. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832f4f02 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Diabetes, cognitive impairment, and dementia
Strachan, M. W. J., Price, J. F., & Frier, B. M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39386.664016.be · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, Poor Cognition, and Dementia in the Caerphilly Prospective Study
Creavin, S., Gallacher, J., Bayer, A. J., Fish, M., Ebrahim, S. B. J., & Ben‐Shlomo, Y. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111550 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease with diabetes in the Japanese population
KIMURA, R., Tomiyasu, H., Takeuchi, T., Shimizu, M., Hayashi, Y., Okayama, N., Kamiya, Y., & Joh, T. (2008) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00229.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Risk factors for vascular dementia: a hospital-based study in Taiwan.
Lin, J.-C., Hsu, W., Hsu, H.-P., Fung, H., & Chen, S.-T. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069 · see citing works
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Liu, K. Y., Costafreda, S. G., Selbæk, G., Alladi, S., Ames, D., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Brayne, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01296-0 · Cited by 3,860 · see citing works
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212 · see citing works
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536 · see citing works
2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.
Alzheimer's Association (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010 · Cited by 2,461 · see citing works
2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12068 · Cited by 2,353 · see citing works
2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Anonymous (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12638 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Anonymous (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12328 · Cited by 2,235 · see citing works
2018 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.001 · Cited by 1,912 · see citing works
Baumgart, M., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Fazio, S., Kim, H., & Johns, H. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.016 · Cited by 1,660 · see citing works
“[24] Gudala K, Bansal D, Schifano F, Bhansali A.”
2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003 · Cited by 1,641 · see citing works
Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Arnold, S. E., Arvanitakis, Z., Macauley-Rambach, S. L., Koenig, A. M., Wang, H.-Y., Ahima, R. S., Craft, S., Gandy, S., Buettner, C., Stoeckel, L. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · Cited by 1,597 · see citing works
Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications
Biessels, G. J., & Despa, F. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0048-7 · Cited by 1,454 · see citing works
2017 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(, T. D. B. T. A.-R. C. C. A. S. O. A. C. B. S., different, ). J. A. I. A., destroyed, S. A. T. A. S. T. M. E. T. M. C. I. S. I. A. G. W. A. T. R. N. I. T. O. B. T. F. N. T. B. D. A. D. A. U. I. B. R. I. I. F. N. M. A. N. I. O. P. O. T. B. A. D. A., difficulties, I. E. O., agitation, I. N. S. S. A., & delusions., S. A. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.02.001 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Young-Hyman, D., de Groot, M., Hill-Briggs, F., Gonzalez, J. S., Hood, K., & Peyrot, M. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2053 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Chatterjee, S., Peters, S. A. E., Woodward, M., Mejia Arango, S., Batty, G. D., Beckett, N., Beiser, A., Borenstein, A. R., Crane, P. K., Haan, M., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1588 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
“Previous reviews (4,10,11) of the association between diabetes and risk of”
BackgroundTreatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline
LeRoith, D., Biessels, G. J., Braithwaite, S. S., Casanueva, F. F., Draznin, B., Halter, J. B., Hirsch, I. B., McDonnell, M. E., Molitch, M. E., Murad, M. H., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00198 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction
Biessels, G. J., & Reagan, L. P. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4019 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70235 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
The relationship between obesity and cognitive health and decline
Dye, L., Boyle, N. B., Champ, C., & Lawton, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117002014 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
“Differences in the diagnostic criteria of dementia and diabetes, in the length of follow-up periods, in the sample sizes and in the recruitment of specific populations have all been reported to contribute to heterogeneity in study findings((169)).”
BackgroundMichailidis, M., Moraitou, D., Tata, D. A., Kalinderi, K., Papamitsou, T., & Papaliagkas, V. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052687 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
“What has also been suggested is the coexistence of AGEs and APOE4 gene in the amyloid plaques of patients with dementia and specifically AD [111].”
BackgroundCukierman-Yaffe, T., Gerstein, H. C., Colhoun, H. M., Diaz, R., García-Pérez, L.-E., Lakshmanan, M., Bethel, A., Xavier, D., Probstfield, J., Riddle, M. C., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30173-3 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease: from epidemiology to mechanism and treatment
Li, X., Leng, S. X., & Song, D. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s74042 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
“7).(33) In general, it is clear that T2DM has a higher dementia risk, but the associations are stronger for vascular dementia compared with AD.”
Campbell, J. M., Stephenson, M. D., de Courten, B., Chapman, I., Bellman, S. M., & Aromataris, E. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180263 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
“Diabetes is associated with the onset of dementia and AD [5]; a meta-analysis of 28 longitudinal studies demonstrated that people with diabetes had a 73% increased risk of developing dementia and a 56% increased risk of developing AD compared to the general population.”
BackgroundAmerican Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s004 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., Middleton, L. T., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Εvangelou, Ε. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.152 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline
Spinelli, M., Fusco, S., & Grassi, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00788 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“patients the risk for all types of dementia is increased by 60–73% (Gudala et al., 2013; Chatterjee et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInsulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer’s Disease
Burillo, J., Marqués, P., Jiménez, B., González-Blanco, C., Benito, M., & Guillén, C. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10051236 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Bansal, D., Gudala, K., Muthyala, H., Esam, H. P., Nayakallu, R., & Bhansali, A. K. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12223 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K. J., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s004 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M. S., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., Bruemmer, D., Cusi, K. J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s004 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s004 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Nørgaard, C. H., Friedrich, S., Hansen, C. T., Gerds, T., Ballard, C., Møller, D. V., Knudsen, L. B., Kvist, K., Zinman, B., Holm, E., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12268 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Anstey, K. J., Ee, N., Eramudugolla, R., Jagger, C., & Peters, R. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190181 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Gudala 2013 [65] Type II diabetes (self-reported, registrybased/antidiabetics use) ML/LL 1.”
InfluentialUnderstanding multifactorial brain changes in type 2 diabetes: a biomarker perspective
Biessels, G. J., Nobili, F. M., Teunissen, C. E., Simó, R., & Scheltens, P. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30139-3 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Impaired insulin signalling and allostatic load in Alzheimer disease
Felice, F. G. D., Gonçalves, R. A., & Ferreira, S. T. (2022) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00558-9 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: Functions in metabolism, memory, and mood
Lee, S.-H., Zabolotny, J. M., Huang, H., Lee, H., & Kim, Y.-B. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.011 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis and a large-scaled pooled analysis demonstrate that diabetes is associated with an approximately 60e70% increased risk of all types of dementia [95,96].”
MethodType 2 Diabetes, Cognition, and Dementia in Older Adults: Toward a Precision Health Approach
Cholerton, B., Baker, L. D., Montine, T. J., & Craft, S. (2016) · Diabetes Spectrum · doi:10.2337/ds16-0041 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“For example, a recent meta-analysis found that type 2 diabetes was associated with a 60% increase in risk for all-cause dementia (22), and a population-based longitudinal study found a 16% increased risk for dementia even among those in which type 2 diabetes onset was recent (23).”
BackgroundMethodInsulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases
Chen, W., Cai, W., Hoover, B., & Kahn, C. R. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.001 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain
Uranga, R. M., & Keller, J. N. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00513 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Gene-environment interactions in Alzheimer's disease: A potential path to precision medicine
Eid, A., Mhatre, I., & Richardson, J. R. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.005 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-s003 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Roles of O-GlcNAc in chronic diseases of aging
Banerjee, P. S., Lagerlöf, O., & Hart, G. W. (2016) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.005 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Non-communicable diseases in South Asia: contemporary perspectives
Siegel, K. R., Patel, S. A., & Ali, M. K. (2014) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldu018 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018
Shi, Y., Zheng, R., Cai, J., & Qian, S. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03275-2 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K. J., Ekhlaspour, L., Fleming, T. K., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s004 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s004 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis of prospective observational studies in people with diabetes showed 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (42).”
BackgroundShi, Q., Liu, S., Fonseca, V. A., Thethi, T. K., & Shi, L. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024954 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Concordant peripheral lipidome signatures in two large clinical studies of Alzheimer’s disease
Huynh, K., Lim, W. L. F., Giles, C., Jayawardana, K. S., Salim, A., Mellett, N. A., Smith, A. A. T., Olshansky, G., Drew, B. G., Chatterjee, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19473-7 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Alzheimer Disease Pathology: A Review
Berlanga‐Acosta, J., Guillén, G. E., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, N., Bringas-Vega, M. L., García-del-Barco-Herrera, D., Berlanga-Saez, J. O., Ojalvo, A. G., Valdés-Sosa, M. J., & Valdes-Sosa, P. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.560375 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Accordingly, a metaanalysis of 28 studies concluded that in the diabetic population, the risk for all types of dementia is increased by 73% (21).”
BackgroundCognitive dysfunction in atrial fibrillation
Madhavan, M., Graff‐Radford, J., Piccini, J. P., & Gersh, B. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0075-z · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Autophagy Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanistic Insights and New Therapeutic Opportunities
Di Meco, A., Curtis, M. E., Lauretti, E., & Praticò, D. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.008 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Smolina, K., Wotton, C. J., & Goldacre, M. J. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3515-x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Specifically, it is not clear whether type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia in the same way as type 2 diabetes [7]; if it is, what is the risk and how does it change with age? Two common types of dementia are of interest: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia.”
Martins, R. N., Villemagne, V., Sohrabi, H. R., Chatterjee, P., Shah, T. M., Verdile, G., Fraser, P., Taddei, K., Gupta, V. B., Rainey-Smith, S. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171145 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The insulin resistance by triglyceride glucose index and risk for dementia: population-based study
Hong, S., Han, K., & Park, C. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00758-4 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Weinstein, G., Davis‐Plourde, K. L., Conner, S. C., Himali, J. J., Beiser, A., Lee, A., Rawlings, A. M., Sedaghat, S., Ding, J., Moshier, E. L., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212293 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Wakabayashi, T., Yamaguchi, K., Matsui, K., Sano, T., Kubota, T., Hashimoto, T., Mano, A., Yamada, K., Matsuo, Y., Kubota, N., et al. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0315-7 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Among the known upstream events of impaired insulin signaling in metabolic overload or T2DM, we observed that the degrees of inflammation and ER stress signaling in adipose tissue were significantly elevated by HFD feeding (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialAmylin as a potential link between type 2 diabetes and alzheimer disease
Martínez-Valbuena, I., Valenti‐Azcarate, R., Amat, I., Riverol, M., Marcilla, I., de Andrea, C. E., Sánchez-Arias, J. A., Carmona‐Abellán, M., Martí‐Andrés, G., Erro, M. E., et al. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25570 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: Insights into Alzheimer disease
Butterfield, D. A., & Boyd‐Kimball, D. (2019) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14589 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“2017a), diabetes (Wu et al. 2008; Reitz et al. 2011; Gudala et al. 2013; Vagelatos and Eslick 2013), impaired glucose metabolism (R€onnemaa et al.”
Background1. Strategies for Improving Care
American Diabetes Association (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-s004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“A recent metaanalysis of prospective observational studies in people with diabetes showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (60).”
BackgroundMild Cognitive Impairment that Does Not Progress to Dementia: A Population‐Based Study
Ganguli, M., Jia, Y., Hughes, T. F., Snitz, B. E., Chang, C. H., Berman, S. B., Sullivan, K., & Kamboh, M. I. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15642 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Zheng, B., Su, B., Price, G. J., Tzoulaki, I., Ahmadi‐Abhari, S., & Middleton, L. T. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2850 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Johnson, L. A., Torres, E. R. S., Impey, S., Stevens, J. F., & Raber, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43701 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
3. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities
American Diabetes Association (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-s006 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis of prospective observational studies in people with diabetes showed a 73% increased risk of all types of dementia, a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer dementia, and 127% increased risk of vascular dementia compared with individuals without diabetes (32).”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies
Pereira, J. D., Fraga, V. G., Santos, A. L. M., Ferriani, M. D. G. C., Caramelli, P., & Gomes, K. B. (2020) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15166 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The relationship between diabetes and the dementia risk: a meta-analysis
Cao, F., Yang, F., Li, J., Guo, W., Zhang, C., Gao, F., Sun, X., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01346-4 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“A 2013 meta-analysis by Kapil Gudala et al. revealed that diabetic patients have a 73% higher risk of dementia compared to non-diabetics, including a 56% increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) [11].”
BackgroundSluggett, J. K., Koponen, M., Bell, J. S., Taipale, H., Tanskanen, A., Tiihonen, J., Uusitupa, M., Tolppanen, A.-M., & Hartikainen, S. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz234 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging
Kosyreva, A., Sentyabreva, A., Tsvetkov, I., & Makarova, O. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091237 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
O-GlcNAcylation, a sweet link to the pathology of diseases
Nie, H., & Yi, W. (2019) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b1900150 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The diabetic brain and cognition
Riederer, P., Korczyn, A. D., Ali, S. S., Bajenaru, O. A., Choi, M. S., Chopp, M., Dobrota, V. Đ., Grünblatt, E., Jellinger, K. A., Kamal, M. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1763-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Mendes, R., Martins, S. P. V., & Fernandes, L. P. N. S. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr3894 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“In diabetic patients, this prevalence is higher than in non-diabetic persons [49, 50].”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapeutics links
Rojas, M., Chávez-Castillo, M., Bautista, J., Ortega, Á., Nava, M., Salazar, J. J., Díaz-Camargo, E. A., Medina, O., Rojas, J., & Bermúdez, V. (2021) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.745 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hayden, M. R. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9100262 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“It is commonly known that T2DM increases the risk for VaD and a recent study of 28 prospective observational studies in 2012, which included 89,708 diabetic patients demonstrated a 73% increased risk of all type dementias (which included LOAD), a 56% increase of LOAD and a 127% increase of VaD in diabetic human patien…”
ResultEnhancing autophagy in Alzheimer's disease through drug repositioning
Eshraghi, M., Ahmadi, M., Afshar, S., Lorzadeh, S., Adlimoghaddam, A., Rezvani Jalal, N., West, R., Dastghaib, S., Igder, S., Torshizi, S. R. N., et al. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108171 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease
Butterfield, D. A., & Boyd-Kimball, D. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9090818 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cognitive disorder and dementia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ortíz, G. G., Huerta, M., González-Usigli, H., Torres-Sánchez, E. D., Delgado-Lara, D. L. C., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., Mireles-Ramírez, M. A., Torres-Mendoza, B. M., Moreno-Cih, R. I., & Velázquez-Brizuela, I. E. (2022) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.319 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Lucato, P., Solmi, M., Maggi, S., Bertocco, A. G., Bano, G., Trevisan, C., Manzato, E., Sergi, G., Schofield, P., Kouidrat, Y., et al. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.016 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Diabetes is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes such as pain, lower limb amputation, increased healthcare costs(3), falls(4) and cognitive decline.(5) Although treatments for diabetes have improved, the prevention of this condition is of importance.”
BackgroundAntidiabetic Drugs for the Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Type 2 DM Using FAERS
Akimoto, H., Negishi, A., Oshima, S., Wakiyama, H., Okita, M., Horii, N., Inoue, N., Ohshima, S., & Kobayashi, D. (2020) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317519899546 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Handelsman, Y., Anderson, J. E., Bakris, G. L., Ballantyne, C. M., Bhatt, D. L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bozkurt, B., Budoff, M. J., Butler, J., Cherney, D. Z. I., et al. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155931 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Insulin signalling in Alzheimer′s disease and diabetes: from epidemiology to molecular links
Ribé, E. M., & Lovestone, S. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12534 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bertram, S., Brixius, K., & Brinkmann, C. K. (2016) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-016-0976-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives
Morgan, A. E., & Auley, M. T. M. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102278 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“It is estimated that patients with diabetes mellitus have a 34 – 127% increased risk of developing VaD (Celis-Morales et al., 2022; Gudala et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLipnicki, D. M., Crawford, J., Kochan, N. A., Trollor, J. N., Draper, B., Reppermund, S., Maston, K., Mather, K. A., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.10.014 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Unlike those with stable MCI, among reverters being male predicted MCI; older age predicted dementia; a slower 6-mwalk time predicted each of MCI, dementia, and mortality; and lower BMI and higher cholesterol levels predicted mortality.”
MethodInfluentialBehnoush, A. H., Mousavi, A., Ghondaghsaz, E., Shojaei, S., Cannavò, A., & Khalaji, A. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105582 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
McMillan, J. M., Mele, B. S., Hogan, D. B., & Leung, A. A. (2018) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000563 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ihara, M., & Washida, K. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170970 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“A correlation between diabetes mellitus and AD may provide an illustrative parallel: many clinical studies have shown the link between diabetes and AD [45], though studies that added autopsy have found no link [46].”
ResultObesity and Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular bases
Picone, P., Carlo, M. D., & Nuzzo, D. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14758 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Xiang, Q., Zhang, J., Li, C., Wang, Y., Zeng, M.-J., Cai, Z.-X., Tian, R.-B., Jia, W. P., & Li, X. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.08.009 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“A large number of epidemiological studies have confirmed that diabetesmellitus is an independent risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia (Jones et al., 2009; Gudala et al., 2013; Luchsinger and Gustafson, 2009; Hempel et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNeurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes: Alzheimer's as a case study
Madhusudhanan, J., Suresh, G., & Devanathan, V. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1577 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Hence, when compared to nondiabetic individuals, patients with diabetes are at approximately 70% higher risk for the development of vascular dementia or AD (Gudala et al., 2013).”
BackgroundThomassen, J. Q., Tolstrup, J. S., Benn, M., & Frikke‐Schmidt, R. (2020) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796020000347 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Observational studies report risk estimates between 1.40 and 1.56 for type-2 diabetes in predicting Alzheimer’s disease (Gudala et al., 2013; Price et al., 2014; Chatterjee et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Impact of Obesity on Microglial Function: Immune, Metabolic and Endocrine Perspectives
Alexaki, V. I. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10071584 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Defo, A. K., Bakula, V., Pisaturo, A., Labos, C., Wing, S. S., & Daskalopoulou, S. S. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15331 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Danat, I. M., Clifford, A., Partridge, M., Zhou, W., Bakre, A. T., Chen, A., McFeeters, D., Smith, T., Wan, Y., Copeland, J. R. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180763 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Public Knowledge about Dementia in China: A National WeChat-Based Survey
Liu, D., Cheng, G., An, L., Gan, X.-G., Wu, Y., Zhang, B., Hu, S. H., Zeng, Y., & Wu, L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16214231 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“In reality, growing evidence suggests that obesity in midlife [44], diabetes [45,46], midlife hypertension [44,47], and midlife high cholesterol [48,49] are closely implicated as risk factors for dementia.”
BackgroundThe Ketogenic Diet and Alzheimer's Disease
Hersant, H., & Grossberg, G. T. (2022) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-022-1807-7 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Research suggests that diabetic patients have a 56% greater risk of AD (39).”
True or false? Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside
Peng, Y., Yao, S.-Y., Chen, Q., Jin, H., Du, M., Xue, Y.-H., & Liu, S. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“The findings indicated a 73 % heightened risk of all dementia, a 56 % rise in AD, and a 127 % rise in vascular dementia in diabetes patients (Gudala et al., 2013).”
Thakur, A. K., Rai, G., Chatterjee, S. S., & Kumar, V. (2016) · Pharmaceutical Biology · doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1107107 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Obesity and even pre-diabetes state are well-recognised risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (Gudala et al. 2013; Butterfield et al. 2014), and during recent years, suggestions have often made that structurally and functionally diverse secondary plant metabolites are potential…”
BackgroundAbdelhafiz, A. H., McNicholas, E., & Sinclair, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.027 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tian, Y., Jing, G., & Zhang, M. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101999 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gudala, K., Bansal, D., Schifano, F., & Bhansali, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IN)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bansal, Dipika
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Investigation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-04-26
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 640-650
- ISSN
- 2040-1116 (ISSN-L)
- 2040-1124
- PMC
- PMC4020261
- OpenAlex
- W2035873080
- Cited by
- 727
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 14.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia risk, incidence, type 2 diabetes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
