Role of α-Synuclein in Inducing Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Parkinson Disease

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Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease

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Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

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α-Synuclein Locus Triplication Causes Parkinson's Disease

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The new mutation, E46K, of α‐synuclein causes parkinson and Lewy body dementia

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A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia

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α-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson's disease

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α-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions

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α-Synuclein Promotes SNARE-Complex Assembly in Vivo and in Vitro

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Dopaminergic Loss and Inclusion Body Formation in α-Synuclein Mice: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Synuclein: a neuron-specific protein localized to the nucleus and presynaptic nerve terminal

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Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life

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Stabilization of α-Synuclein Secondary Structure upon Binding to Synthetic Membranes

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Oxidative Damage Linked to Neurodegeneration by Selective α-Synuclein Nitration in Synucleinopathy Lesions

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Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both α-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy

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Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease.

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Phosphorylation of Ser-129 Is the Dominant Pathological Modification of α-Synuclein in Familial and Sporadic Lewy Body Disease

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Gastric α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology

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Aggregated α‐synuclein activates microglia: a process leading to disease progression in Parkinson's disease

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α-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation

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In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

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Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease

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Cell-produced α-synuclein is secreted in a calcium-dependent manner by exosomes and impacts neuronal survival

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A Hydrophobic Stretch of 12 Amino Acid Residues in the Middle of α-Synuclein Is Essential for Filament Assembly

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Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain

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Causal relation between α-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson's disease

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Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients

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Increased Intestinal Permeability Correlates with Sigmoid Mucosa alpha-Synuclein Staining and Endotoxin Exposure Markers in Early Parkinson's Disease

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Neuropathological assessment of Parkinson’s disease: refining the diagnostic criteria

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Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated α-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders

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Structural and functional characterization of two alpha-synuclein strains

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Neuron-released oligomeric α-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia

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Differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the inflamed central nervous system

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Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients

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Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers

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Microglial activation and dopamine terminal loss in early Parkinson's disease

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Characterization of a novel protein regulated during the critical period for song learning in the zebra finch

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α-Synuclein impairs macroautophagy: implications for Parkinson’s disease

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α-Synuclein, Especially the Parkinson's Disease-associated Mutants, Forms Pore-like Annular and Tubular Protofibrils

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Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients

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Minocycline Prevents Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease

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Fibrils Formed in Vitro from α-Synuclein and Two Mutant Forms Linked to Parkinson's Disease are Typical Amyloid

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Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease

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Fiber diffraction of synthetic α-synuclein filaments shows amyloid-like cross-β conformation

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Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated alpha-synuclein release and transmission

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Cutting Edge: The Conversion of Arginine to Citrulline Allows for a High-Affinity Peptide Interaction with the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated HLA-DRB1*0401 MHC Class II Molecule

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Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages)

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Comparison of kindreds with parkinsonism and α‐synuclein genomic multiplications

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G51D α‐synuclein mutation causes a novel Parkinsonian–pyramidal syndrome

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Plasma exosomal α-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson’s disease

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Alpha‐synuclein p.H50Q, a novel pathogenic mutation for Parkinson's disease

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Inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease

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Colonic inflammation in Parkinson's disease

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Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated α-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies

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Neuropathology, biochemistry, and biophysics of α‐synuclein aggregation

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Stress-Induced Recruitment of Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes to the Brain Promotes Anxiety-Like Behavior

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Peripheral cytokines profile in parkinson’s disease

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Protein Nitration in Parkinsonʼs Disease

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A novel α-synuclein mutation A53E associated with atypical multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease-type pathology

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Constitutive Phosphorylation of the Parkinson's Disease Associated α-Synuclein

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Collaborative Analysis of α-Synuclein Gene Promoter Variability and Parkinson Disease

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Mutant and Wild Type Human α-Synucleins Assemble into Elongated Filaments with Distinct Morphologies in Vitro

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Modulating inflammatory monocytes with a unique microRNA gene signature ameliorates murine ALS

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Aggregation promoting C-terminal truncation of α-synuclein is a normal cellular process and is enhanced by the familial Parkinson's disease-linked mutations

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Interaction of Human α-Synuclein and Parkinson's Disease Variants with Phospholipids

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Phosphorylated α-Synuclein Is Ubiquitinated in α-Synucleinopathy Lesions

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Endoproteolytic Activity of the Proteasome

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Degradation of α-Synuclein by Proteasome

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Chronic Mild Gut Inflammation Accelerates Brain Neuropathology and Motor Dysfunction in α-Synuclein Mutant Mice

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Oligomeropathies and pathogenesis of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases

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How can rAAV ‐α‐synuclein and the fibril α‐synuclein models advance our understanding of Parkinson's disease?

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Promising drug targets and associated therapeutic interventions in Parkinson’s disease

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The role of Th17 cells in auto-inflammatory neurological disorders

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Ultrasensitive Detection of Aggregated α-Synuclein in Glial Cells, Human Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue Using the RT-QuIC Assay: New High-Throughput Neuroimmune Biomarker Assay for Parkinsonian Disorders

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T cell infiltration in both human multiple system atrophy and a novel mouse model of the disease

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TREM2 deficiency aggravates α‐synuclein–induced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease models

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Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s disease

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The Cellular Environment Affects Monomeric α-Synuclein Structure

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Brain‐Targeted Liposomes Loaded with Monoclonal Antibodies Reduce Alpha‐Synuclein Aggregation and Improve Behavioral Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

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Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

Rasheed, M., Liang, J., Wang, C., Deng, Y., & Chen, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094956 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

The role of natural killer cells in Parkinson’s disease

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Immunotherapy in Parkinson’s Disease: Micromanaging Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation

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Alpha-Synuclein Post-translational Modifications: Implications for Pathogenesis of Lewy Body Disorders

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Interaction between Parkin and α-Synuclein in PARK2-Mediated Parkinson’s Disease

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Inflammasome assembly in neurodegenerative diseases

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MicroRNA‐190 alleviates neuronal damage and inhibits neuroinflammation via Nlrp3 in MPTP‐induced Parkinson's disease mouse model

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Ex vivo expansion of dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes restores suppressive function in Parkinson’s disease

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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration

Mahbub, N. U., Islam, M. M., Hong, S., & Chung, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348279 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Upregulation of α-synuclein following immune activation: Possible trigger of Parkinson's disease

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Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies

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Role of Nrf2 in Parkinson’s Disease: Toward New Perspectives

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Identification of potential blood biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease by gene expression and DNA methylation data integration analysis

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Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress

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Neurotransmission systems in Parkinson’s disease

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Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol in In vivo and In vitro Experimental Models of Parkinson’s Disease: a Systematic Review

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The principal molecular mechanisms behind the activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to neuroprotective action in Parkinson's disease

Chakkittukandiyil, A., Sajini, D. V., Karuppaiah, A., & Selvaraj, D. (2022) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105325 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Peripheral-Central Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease: What Do Patients and Animal Models Tell Us?

Armentero, M., Cerri, S., & Blandini, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00232 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Pridopidine Induces Functional Neurorestoration Via the Sigma-1 Receptor in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease

Francardo, V., Geva, M., Bez, F., Denis, Q., Steiner, L., Hayden, M. R., & Cenci, M. A. (2019) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-018-00699-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Fractalkine Signaling Regulates the Inflammatory Response in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson Disease

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Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of inflammation in Parkinson’s disease

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IL‐1β/IL‐1R1 signaling induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide infusion regulates alpha‐Synuclein pathology in the olfactory bulb, substantia nigra and striatum

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Astroglial and microglial contributions to iron metabolism disturbance in Parkinson's disease

Song, N., Wang, J., Jiang, H. F., & Xie, J. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.008 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Holocranohistochemistry enables the visualization of α-synuclein expression in the murine olfactory system and discovery of its systemic anti-microbial effects

Tomlinson, J. J., Shutinoski, B., Dong, L. M., Meng, F., Elleithy, D., Lengacher, N. A., Nguyen, A., Cron, G. O., Jiang, Q., Roberson, E. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1726-7 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Opioid system influences gut-brain axis: Dysbiosis and related alterations

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Inhibition effects of tanshinone on the aggregation of α-synuclein

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Breaking Boundaries: Chronic Diseases and the Frontiers of Immune Microenvironments

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Looking at the recent advances in understanding α-synuclein and its aggregation through the proteoform prism

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Alpha-Synuclein to the Rescue: Immune Cell Recruitment by Alpha-Synuclein during Gastrointestinal Infection

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Enrichment of risk SNPs in regulatory regions implicate diverse tissues in Parkinson’s disease etiology

Coetzee, S. G., Pierce, S. E., Brundin, P., Brundin, L., Hazelett, D. J., & Coetzee, G. A. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30509 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Abnormal subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson’s disease

Sun, C., Zhao, Z., Yu, W., Mo, M., Song, C., Si, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.10.105 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Motor neuron loss and neuroinflammation in a model of α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration

Sorrentino, Z. A., Xia, Y., Funk, C., Riffe, C. J., Rutherford, N. J., Ceballos Diaz, C., Sacino, A. N., Price, N. D., Golde, T. E., Giasson, B. I., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Evidence for a Pan-Neurodegenerative Disease Response in Huntington's and Parkinson's Disease Expression Profiles

Labadorf, A. T., Choi, S. H., & Myers, R. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00430 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

The Challenge of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease: Is Autoimmunity the Culprit?

Jiang, T., Li, G., Xu, J., Gao, S., & Xu, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02047 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

The spatial landscape of glial pathology and T cell response in Parkinson’s disease substantia nigra

Ma, M., Paryani, F., Jakubiak, K. A., Xia, S., Antoku, S., Kannan, A., Lee, J., Madden, N., Kumar, S. S., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62478-3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Highlighting Immune System and Stress in Major Depressive Disorder, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s Diseases, with a Connection with Serotonin

Correia, A. S., Cardoso, A., & Vale, N. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168525 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

A Perspective on Roles Played by Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Pathobiology of Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Pesticides and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Convergent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

Kulcsarova, K., Bang, C., Berg, D., & Schaeffer, E. (2023) · Journal of Parkinson’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-230206 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Crosstalk between PI3K/AKT/KLF4 signaling and microglia M1/M2 polarization as a novel mechanistic approach towards flibanserin repositioning in parkinson's disease

El-Deeb, N. K., El-Tanbouly, D. M., Khattab, M. A., El-Yamany, M. F., & Mohamed, A. F. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109191 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Genomic DNA levels of mutant alpha-synuclein correlate with non-motor symptoms in an A53T Parkinson's disease mouse model

Wang, W., Song, N., Jia, F., Tang, T., Bao, W., Zuo, C., Xie, J., & Jiang, H. F. (2018) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Human NPCs can degrade α–syn fibrils and transfer them preferentially in a cell contact-dependent manner possibly through TNT-like structures

Grudina, C., Kouroupi, G., Nonaka, T., Hasegawa, M., Matsas, R., & Zurzolo, C. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104609 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Size-Selective Phagocytic Clearance of Fibrillar α-Synuclein through Conformational Activation of Complement Receptor 4

Juul‐Madsen, K., Qvist, P., Bendtsen, K. L., Langkilde, A. E., Vestergaard, B., Howard, K. A., Dehesa-Etxebeste, M., Paludan, S. R., Andersen, G. R., Jensen, P. H., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900494 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Targeting alpha-synuclein via the immune system in Parkinson's disease: Current vaccine therapies

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Inflammatory Responses to Monomeric and Aggregated α-Synuclein in Peripheral Blood of Parkinson Disease Patients

Piancone, F., Saresella, M., Rosa, F. L., Marventano, I., Meloni, M., Navarro, J., & Clerici, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.639646 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Neuro-Immune Cross-Talk in the Striatum: From Basal Ganglia Physiology to Circuit Dysfunction

Mancini, A., Ghiglieri, V., Parnetti, L., Calabresi, P., & Filippo, M. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.644294 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention

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The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

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Inflammatory Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapies

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Parkinson’s Disease: Can Targeting Inflammation Be an Effective Neuroprotective Strategy?

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Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

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Upregulation of α-synuclein following immune activation: Possible trigger of Parkinson's disease

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Alpha-synuclein and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

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Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune function in Parkinson disease

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Alpha-Synuclein and the Immune Response in Parkinson’s Disease

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Is α-synuclein the culprit of the Parkinsonian neurodegeneration?

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