Traumatic encephalopathy: Review and provisional research diagnostic criteria
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of neurobehavioral signs and symptoms reported in every published case of traumatic encephalopathy with a view toward the development of clinical diagnostic criteria with predictive validity. INTRODUCTION: Cases of persistent or progressive neurological or neurobehavioral change following exposure to one or more head injuries have been reported since 1928. This condition is often referred to as traumatic encephalopathy (TE). To date, however, no diagnostic criteria have been advanced or accepted for the clinical diagnosis of TE. Provisional research diagnostic criteria are required not only for meaningful diagnosis but also to facilitate research to determine the epidemiology, etiology, course, prognosis, imaging and biomarkers, neuropathological features and potentially effective treatments of TE. METHODS: All 436 published cases of TE in all languages were reviewed. All symptoms and signs reported in these cases were classified and enumerated. RESULTS: Ninety-seven cases met inclusion criteria based on sufficient documentation of the history and neurobehavioral examination. Provisional research diagnostic criteria for clinically probable and clinically possible TE were developed based on the most frequently reported clinical features. CONCLUSION: The provisional diagnostic criteria for TE presented here are the first published criteria for this condition based upon a systematic analysis of its clinical characteristics. This is the first a step toward scientifically derived consensus criteria, which are essential to accelerate progress in the investigation of this important condition.
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There are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, although proposed criteria have been published by Jordan, Victoroff, and Montenigro and colleagues.
“There are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, although proposed criteria have been published by Jordan [46], Victoroff [47], and Montenigro and colleagues [21].”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [47]
There are no agreed upon clinical criteria for diagnosis of CTE, although sets of criteria have been proposed for research purposes.
“There are no agreed upon clinical criteria for diagnosis, although sets of criteria have been proposed for research purposes.”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Victoroff, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Victoroff, Jeff
- Venue
- Neurorehabilitation
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-04-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-224
- ISSN
- 1053-8135 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-6448
- OpenAlex
- W95155789
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurorehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- traumatic encephalopathy, Research Diagnostic Criteria, diagnosis, neurobehavioral symptoms, traumatic brain injury, clinical features, case review
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Databases, Factual, Biomedical Research
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