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Cited by 180Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisFatty Acid Research and HealthCancer, Lipids, and Metabolism

Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: Balancing life and death

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Danielli, Mauro, Perne, Leja, Jarc Jovičić, Eva, Petan, Toni·2023·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
DOI 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104725PMC PMC9911892
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Abstract

Lipid droplets are fat storage organelles ubiquitously distributed across the eukaryotic kingdom. They have a central role in regulating lipid metabolism and undergo a dynamic turnover of biogenesis and breakdown to meet cellular requirements for fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids define membrane fluidity and can be released by the activity of phospholipases A 2 to act as ligands for nuclear receptors or to be metabolized into a wide spectrum of lipid signaling mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are also highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which if left uncontrolled leads to ferroptotic cell death. On the one hand, lipid droplets act as antioxidant organelles that control polyunsaturated fatty acid storage in triglycerides in order to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, preserve organelle function and prevent cell death, including ferroptosis. On the other hand, lipid droplet breakdown fine-tunes the delivery of polyunsaturated fatty acids into metabolic and signaling pathways, but unrestricted lipid droplet breakdown may also lead to the release of lethal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Precise regulation of lipid droplet turnover is thus essential for polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we focus on emerging aspects of lipid droplet-mediated regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking, including the management of membrane lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis and lipid mediator signaling.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Danielli, M., Perne, L., Jarc Jovičić, E., & Petan, T.
Affiliations
Jožef Stefan Institute (SI)
Corresponding author
Petan, Toni
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-01-27
Volume
11
Pages
1104725-1104725
ISSN
2296-634X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fcell.2023.1104725
PMC
PMC9911892
OpenAlex
W4318208103
Cited by
180
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 75 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 2
FWCI
4.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2023-03-22)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Javna Agencija Za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (P1-0207 Z3-2650 J7-1818 Z3-3211)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Keywords
lipid droplets, polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid trafficking, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, phospholipase A2, membrane fluidity, lipid mediators, lipid droplet turnover, triglycerides, nuclear receptors, cell death

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