Cited by 244Barrier Structure and Function StudiesRetinal Diseases and TreatmentsAngiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer

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Brain and Retinal Pericytes: Origin, Function and Role

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Trost, Andrea, Lange, Simona, Schroedl, Falk, Bruckner, Daniela, Motloch, Karolina A., Bogner, Barbara, Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra, Strohmaier, Clemens, Runge, Christian, Aigner, Ludwig, Rivera, Francisco J., Reitsamer, Herbert A.·2016·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fncel.2016.00020PMC PMC4740376

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Abstract

Pericytes are specialized mural cells located at the abluminal surface of capillary blood vessels, embedded within the basement membrane. In the vascular network these multifunctional cells fulfil diverse functions, which are indispensable for proper homoeostasis. They serve as microvascular stabilizers, are potential regulators of microvascular blood flow and have a central role in angiogenesis, as they for example regulate endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, pericytes, as part of the neurovascular unit, are a major component of the blood-retina/brain barrier. CNS pericytes are a heterogenic cell population derived from mesodermal and neuro-ectodermal germ layers acting as modulators of stromal and niche environmental properties. In addition, they display multipotent differentiation potential making them an intriguing target for regenerative therapies. Pericyte-deficiencies can be cause or consequence of many kinds of diseases. In diabetes, for instance, pericyte-loss is a severe pathological process in diabetic retinopathy (DR) with detrimental consequences for eye sight in millions of patients. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of CNS pericyte origin and function, with a special focus on the retina in the healthy and diseased. Finally, we highlight the role of pericytes in de- and regenerative processes.

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Figure 1 Localization of pericytes within the retinal vasculature. (A) Retinal vasculature, showing a single neural glial antigen 2 (NG2)-positive (green) vSMCs layer on arterioles (art) and single NG2-positive pericytes on capillaries (c, arrowheads; in accordance with results in Trost et al., 2015). (B) Illustration of the localization of pericytes on capillaries. (B′) Pericytes are located abluminal of endothelial cells, (B″) wrapping around the capillary, embedded within the same basement membrane as demonstrated in a capillary cross-section.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Identification and discrimination of pericytes from vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in the retina visualizing NG2 and alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA) protein expression. (A) NG2 immunopositivity can be detected in both, retinal pericytes (representative arrow) and aSMA positive arteriolar SMCs (representative arrowhead). (B) Retinal capillary pericytes lack the aSMA signal (arrows) and (C) can be therefore discriminated from vSMCs as illustrated in the merged picture (in accordance with results in Trost et al., 2013).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Schematic overview of (the main) pericyte functions.CC BY · PubMed Central

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pericyte loss influences Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in mice
Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D., Zhao, Z., Ma, Q., Winkler, E. A., Ramanathan, A., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3932 · Cited by 589
Retracted
Retracted Article: Pericyte-mediated vasoconstriction underlies TBI-induced hypoperfusion
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“As these cells, next to pericyte markers (NG2+, CD146+, aSMA+), also expressed markers typical for MSCs, the authors suggested that MSCs may have developed from perivascular cells/pericytes (Caplan, 2008; Crisan et al., 2008).”
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Authors: Trost, A., Lange, S., Schroedl, F., Bruckner, D., Motloch, K. A., Bogner, B., Kaser-Eichberger, A., Strohmaier, C., Runge, C., Aigner, L., Rivera, F. J., & Reitsamer, H. A.
Affiliations: Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
Corresponding author: Reitsamer, Herbert A.
ORCID: Trost, Andrea
Lange, Simona
Schroedl, Falk
Motloch, Karolina A.
Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra
Strohmaier, Clemens
Aigner, Ludwig
Rivera, Francisco J.
Reitsamer, Herbert A.
Venue: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2016-02-04
Volume: 10
Pages: 20-20
ISSN: 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00020
PMC: PMC4740376
OpenAlex: W2312261107
Cited by: 244
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 2.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Glaucoma Research Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
Keywords: pericytes, retinal pericytes, brain pericytes, neurovascular unit, blood-retinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, angiogenesis, pericyte loss, diabetic retinopathy, pericyte heterogeneity, multipotent differentiation, regenerative therapy

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Brain and Retinal Pericytes: Origin, Function and Role

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