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Cited by 48Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionGaze Tracking and Assistive Technology

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From pupil to the brain: New insights for studying cortical plasticity through pupillometry

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Viglione, Aurelia, Mazziotti, Raffaele, Pizzorusso, Tommaso·2023·Frontiers in Neural Circuits
DOI 10.3389/fncir.2023.1151847PMC PMC10102476
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Abstract

Pupil size variations have been associated with changes in brain activity patterns related with specific cognitive factors, such as arousal, attention, and mental effort. The locus coeruleus (LC), a key hub in the noradrenergic system of the brain, is considered to be a key regulator of cognitive control on pupil size, with changes in pupil diameter corresponding to the release of norepinephrine (NE). Advances in eye-tracking technology and open-source software have facilitated accurate pupil size measurement in various experimental settings, leading to increased interest in using pupillometry to track the nervous system activation state and as a potential biomarker for brain disorders. This review explores pupillometry as a non-invasive and fully translational tool for studying cortical plasticity starting from recent literature suggesting that pupillometry could be a promising technique for estimating the degree of residual plasticity in human subjects. Given that NE is known to be a critical mediator of cortical plasticity and arousal, the review includes data revealing the importance of the LC-NE system in modulating brain plasticity and pupil size. Finally, we will review data suggesting that pupillometry could provide a quantitative and complementary measure of cortical plasticity also in pre-clinical studies.

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  • Pupil size, which is controlled by NE, exhibits fluctuations that are anticorrelated with sleep spindles in the same frequency range in humans.

    “the pupil size, which is controlled by NE110 exhibit fluctuations that are anticorrelated with sleep spindles in the same frequency range in humans111.”

    From Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep (2025) · cites this paper as [110]

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Authors
Viglione, A., Mazziotti, R., & Pizzorusso, T.
Affiliations
  • Scuola Normale Superiore (IT)
  • Neuroscience Institute (IT)
Corresponding author
Viglione, Aurelia
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Neural Circuits
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-03-31
Volume
17
Pages
1151847-1151847
ISSN
1662-5110 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fncir.2023.1151847
PMC
PMC10102476
OpenAlex
W4362518986
Cited by
48
References
20
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2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 5
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1.36
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journal article
Language
en
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  • Frontiers in Neural Circuits (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • Nvidia
  • Scuola Normale Superiore
  • Associazione Italiana Rett
  • Fondazione Umberto Veronesi
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (951911)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Keywords
pupillometry, cortical plasticity, locus coeruleus, norepinephrine, noradrenergic system, arousal, residual plasticity, cognitive control, eye tracking, preclinical research
MeSH terms
Arousal, Attention, Brain, Humans, Locus Coeruleus, Pupil

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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