Effects and Mechanisms of Wakefulness on Local Cortical Networks
Open accessAbstract
Mammalian brains generate internal activity independent of environmental stimuli. Internally generated states may bring about distinct cortical processing modes. To investigate how brain state impacts cortical circuitry, we recorded intracellularly from the same neurons, under anesthesia and subsequent wakefulness, in rat barrel cortex. In every cell examined throughout layers 2-6, wakefulness produced a temporal pattern of synaptic inputs differing markedly from those under anesthesia. Recurring periods of synaptic quiescence, prominent under anesthesia, were abolished by wakefulness, which produced instead a persistently depolarized state. This switch in dynamics was unaffected by elimination of afferent synaptic input from thalamus, suggesting that arousal alters cortical dynamics by neuromodulators acting directly on cortex. Indeed, blockade of noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, pathways induced synaptic quiescence during wakefulness. We conclude that global brain states can switch local recurrent networks into different regimes via direct neuromodulation.
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Locus coeruleus-derived noradrenergic signaling appears critical for driving cortical networks into the awake state of processing.
“In particular, locus coeruleus–derived noradrenergic signaling appears critical for driving cortical networks into the awake state of processing (26, 27).”
From Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
Norepinephrine triggers rapid changes in neural activity, which in turn can modulate the volume of the interstitial space.
“NE triggers rapid changes in neural activity (27, 28), which in turn can modulate the volume of the interstitial space volume (29).”
From Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Constantinople, C. M., & Bruno, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruno, Randy M.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1061-1068
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3069934
- OpenAlex
- W1984202832
- Cited by
- 403
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Rita Allen Foundation
- Allen Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS069679)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- wakefulness, brain states, cortical networks, recurrent neural networks, arousal, cholinergic pathways, barrel cortex, intracellular recording, anesthesia, thalamocortical input, cortical depolarization
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Arousal, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Norepinephrine, Thalamus, Vibrissae, Wakefulness, Rats, Wistar, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Rats
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