Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 62

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pathophysiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Serpa, Rebecka O., Ferguson, Lindsay, Larson, Cooper, Bailard, Julie, Cooke, Samantha, Greco, Tiffany, Prins, Mayumi L.·2021·Frontiers in Neurology
DOI 10.3389/fneur.2021.696510
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The national incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) exceeds that of any other disease in the pediatric population. In the United States the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 697,347 annual TBIs in children ages 0–19 that result in emergency room visits, hospitalization or deaths. There is a bimodal distribution within the pediatric TBI population, with peaks in both toddlers and adolescents. Preclinical TBI research provides evidence for age differences in acute pathophysiology that likely contribute to long-term outcome differences between age groups. This review will examine the timecourse of acute pathophysiological processes during cerebral maturation, including calcium accumulation, glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Consequences of pediatric TBI are complicated by the ongoing maturational changes allowing for substantial plasticity and windows of vulnerabilities. This review will also examine the timecourse of later outcomes after mild, repeat mild and more severe TBI to establish developmental windows of susceptibility and altered maturational trajectories. Research progress for pediatric TBI is critically important to reveal age-associated mechanisms and to determine knowledge gaps for future studies.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fneur.2021.696510

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Research works printed but not linked: 163

  1. Taylor, 2017, Traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths - United States, 2007 and 2013, Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep., 66, 1, 10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Giza, 2006, Lasting effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury, Indian J Neurotrauma., 3, 19, 10.1016/S0973-0508(06)80005-5 · DOI
  3. Nehlig, 1988, Quantitative autoradiographic measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats during postnatal development, J Neurosci., 8, 2321, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02321.1988 · DOI
  4. Nehlig, 1989, Postnatal changes in local cerebral blood flow measured by the quantitative autoradiographic [14C]iodoantipyrine technique in freely moving rats, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab., 9, 579, 10.1038/jcbfm.1989.83 · DOI
  5. Chugani, 1998, A critical period of brain development: studies of cerebral glucose utilization with PET, Prev Med., 27, 184, 10.1006/pmed.1998.0274 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Chiron, 1992, Changes in regional cerebral blood flow during brain maturation in children and adolescents, J Nucl Med., 33, 696
  7. Vállez-García, 2016, Three month follow-up of rat mild traumatic brain injury: a combined [18F]FDG and [11C]PK11195 positron emission study, J Neurotrauma., 33, 1855, 10.1089/neu.2015.4230 · DOI
  8. Ito, 2016, Differences in brain metabolic impairment between chronic mild/moderate TBI patients with and without visible brain lesions based on MRI, Biomed Res Int., 2016, 3794029, 10.1155/2016/3794029 · DOI
  9. Prins, 2013, Repeated mild traumatic brain injury: mechanisms of cerebral vulnerability, J Neurotrauma, 30, 30, 10.1089/neu.2012.2399 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Prins, 2010, Repeat traumatic brain injury in the juvenile rat is associated with increased axonal injury and cognitive impairments, Dev Neurosci., 32, 510, 10.1159/000316800 · DOI
  11. Thomas, 2000, Cerebral metabolic response to traumatic brain injury sustained early in development: a 2-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiographic study, J Neurotrauma., 17, 649, 10.1089/089771500415409 · DOI
  12. Bartnik, 2005, Upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway and preservation of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux after experimental brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 22, 1052, 10.1089/neu.2005.22.1052 · DOI
  13. Osteen, 2001, Age-dependency of 45calcium accumulation following lateral fluid percussion: acute and delayed patterns, J Neurotrauma., 18, 141, 10.1089/08977150150502587 · DOI
  14. Huh, 2006, Regionally distinct patterns of calpain activation and traumatic axonal injury following contusive brain injury in immature rats, Dev Neurosci., 28, 466, 10.1159/000094172 · DOI
  15. Baimbridge, 1982, Calcium-binding protein distribution in the rat brain, Brain Res., 239, 519, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90526-1 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Hof, 1999, Cellular distribution of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin in the neocortex of mammals: phylogenetic and developmental patterns, J Chem Neuroanat., 16, 77, 10.1016/S0891-0618(98)00065-9 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Okonkwo, 2020, Point-of-care platform blood biomarker testing of glial fibrillary acidic protein versus S100 calcium-binding protein b for prediction of traumatic brain injuries: a transforming research and clinical knowledge in traumatic brain injury study, J Neurotrauma., 37, 2460, 10.1089/neu.2020.7140 · DOI
  18. Janeczko, 1994, Age-dependent changes in the proliferative response of S-100 protein-positive glial cells to injury in the rat brain, Int J Dev Neurosci., 12, 431, 10.1016/0736-5748(94)90027-2 · doi:10.1016/0736-5748(94)90027-2
  19. Kleindienst, 2013, Intraperitoneal treatment with S100B enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in juvenile mice and after experimental brain injury, Acta Neurochir., 155, 1351, 10.1007/s00701-013-1720-2 · DOI
  20. Robertson, 2006, The potential role of mitochondria in pediatric traumatic brain injury, Dev Neurosci., 28, 432, 10.1159/000094169 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Baughman, 2011, Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, Nature., 476, 341, 10.1038/nature10234 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Hurst, 2017, Mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of the permeability transition pore, J Bioenerg Biomembr., 49, 27, 10.1007/s10863-016-9672-x · DOI · Paper page
  23. Mammucari, 2017, Structure, activity regulation, and role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in health and disease, Front Oncol., 7, 139, 10.3389/fonc.2017.00139 · DOI
  24. Martin, 2012, Biology of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases, Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci., 107, 355, 10.1016/B978-0-12-385883-2.00005-9 · DOI
  25. Arambula, 2019, Sex differences in pediatric traumatic brain injury, Exp Neurol., 317, 168, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.016 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Robertson, 2004, Mitochondrial response to calcium in the developing brain, Brain Res Dev Brain Res., 151, 141, 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.04.007 · DOI
  27. Robertson, 2004, Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cell death following traumatic brain injury in adult and immature animals, J Bioenerg Biomembr., 36, 363, 10.1023/B:JOBB.0000041769.06954.e4 · DOI
  28. Holtzman, 1973, Oxidative phosphorylation in immature rat brain mitochondria, Biol Neonate., 22, 230, 10.1159/000240556 · DOI
  29. Holtzman, 1975, Respiration in immature rat brain mitochondria, J Neurochem., 24, 1011, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03670.x · DOI
  30. Milstein, 1968, Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of developing rat brain, J Neurochem., 15, 411, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb11627.x · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb11627.x
  31. Bates, 1994, Postnatal development of the complexes of the electron transport chain in isolated rat brain mitochondria, Dev Neurosci., 16, 321, 10.1159/000112126 · DOI
  32. Almeida, 1995, Postnatal development of the complexes of the electron transport chain in synaptic mitochondria from rat brain, Dev Neurosci., 17, 212, 10.1159/000111289 · DOI
  33. Buerstatte, 2000, Brain regional development of the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in the rat, Brain Res Dev Brain Res., 125, 139, 10.1016/S0165-3806(00)00134-6 · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00134-6
  34. Land, 1977, Development of mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat brain, Biochem J, 164, 339, 10.1042/bj1640339 · DOI
  35. Hawkins, 1971, Ketone-body utilization by adult and suckling rat brain in vivo, Biochem J, 122, 13, 10.1042/bj1220013 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Nehlig, 1996, Respective roles of glucose and ketone bodies as substrates for cerebral energy metabolism in the suckling rat, Dev Neurosci., 18, 426, 10.1159/000111437 · DOI
  37. Vannucci, 2000, Glucose metabolism in the developing brain, Semin Perinatol., 24, 107, 10.1053/sp.2000.6361 · DOI
  38. Cremer, 1974, The estimation of rates of utilization of glucose and ketone bodies in the brain of the suckling rat using compartmental analysis of isotopic data, Biochem J, 142, 527, 10.1042/bj1420527 · DOI
  39. Mavelli, 1982, Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in developing rat brain, Biochem J, 204, 535, 10.1042/bj2040535 · DOI
  40. Fan, 2003, Age-dependent differences in glutathione peroxidase activity after traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 20, 437, 10.1089/089771503765355513 · DOI
  41. Hansford, 1994, Role of calcium in respiratory control, Med Sci Sports Exerc., 26, 44, 10.1249/00005768-199401000-00009 · DOI
  42. Deng-Bryant, 2011, Ketogenic diet prevents alterations in brain metabolism in young but not adult rats after traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 28, 1813, 10.1089/neu.2011.1822 · DOI
  43. Zhang, 2018, Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (h1-mrs) study of the ketogenic diet on repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats and its effect on neurodegeneration, World Neurosurg., 120, e1193e1202, 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.037 · DOI
  44. Fraunberger, 2019, Sex-dependent and chronic alterations in behavior and mitochondrial function in a rat model of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury, Brain Injury., 33, 534, 10.1080/02699052.2019.1565898 · DOI
  45. Babikian, 2010, Metabolic levels in the corpus callosum and their structural and behavioral correlates after moderate to severe pediatric TBI, J Neurotrauma., 27, 473, 10.1089/neu.2009.1058 · DOI
  46. Bayir, 2006, Oxidative stress in immature brain after traumatic brain injury, Dev Neurosci., 28, 420, 10.1159/000094168 · DOI
  47. Kochanek, 2006, Gel-based hippocampal proteomic analysis 2 weeks following traumatic brain injury to immature rats using controlled cortical impact, Dev Neurosci., 28, 410, 10.1159/000094167 · DOI
  48. Tsuru-Aoyagi, 2009, Glutathione peroxidase activity modulates recovery in the injured immature brain, Ann Neurol., 65, 540, 10.1002/ana.21600 · DOI
  49. Bayir, 2002, Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children, Pediatr Res., 51, 571, 10.1203/00006450-200205000-00005 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Morimoto, 2019, Role of the immune system in the development of the central nervous system, Front Neurosci, 13, 916, 10.3389/fnins.2019.00916 · DOI
  51. Garay, 2013, Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development, Brain Behav Immun., 31, 54, 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.008 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Araujo, 1995, Differential effects of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2 on glia and hippocampal neurons in culture, Int J Dev Neurosci., 13, 201, 10.1016/0736-5748(94)00072-B · DOI
  53. Schneider, 1998, A neuromodulatory role of interleukin-1beta in the hippocampus, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 7778, 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7778 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Lobo-Silva, 2016, Balancing the immune response in the brain: IL-10 and its regulation, J Neuroinflammation., 13, 297, 10.1186/s12974-016-0763-8 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Schwarz, 2012, Sex differences in microglial colonization of the developing rat brain, J Neurochem., 120, 948, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07630.x · DOI · Paper page
  56. Newell, 2020, A mouse model for juvenile, lateral fluid percussion brain injury reveals sex-dependent differences in neuroinflammation and functional recovery, J Neurotrauma., 37, 635, 10.1089/neu.2019.6675 · DOI
  57. Chiu, 2016, Neuroinflammation in animal models of traumatic brain injury, J Neurosci Methods., 272, 38, 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.018 · DOI
  58. Taib, 2017, Neuroinflammation, myelin and behavior: temporal patterns following mild traumatic brain injury in mice, PLoS ONE., 12, e0184811, 10.1371/journal.pone.0184811 · DOI
  59. Chhor, 2017, Role of microglia in a mouse model of paediatric traumatic brain injury, Brain Behav Immun., 63, 197, 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.001 · DOI
  60. Tajiri, 2014, Suppressed cytokine expression immediatey following traumatic brain injury in neonatal rats indicates an expeditious endogenous anti-inflammatory response, Brain Res., 1559, 65, 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.041 · DOI
  61. Perez-Polo, 2013, Inflammatory consequences in a rodent model of mild traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 30, 727, 10.1089/neu.2012.2650 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Sandhir, 2004, Differential expression of cytokines and chemokines during secondary neuron death following brain injury in old and young mice, Neurosci Lett., 369, 28, 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.032 · DOI
  63. Bachstetter, 2015, Attenuation of traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice by targeting increased cytokine levels with a small molecule experimental therapeutic, J Neuroinflammation., 12, 69, 10.1186/s12974-015-0289-5 · DOI
  64. O'Brien, 2020, The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: Potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, J Neuroinflammation., 17, 104, 10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5 · DOI
  65. Jones, 2018, Trajectories in health recovery in the 12 months following a mild traumatic brain injury in children: findings from the BIONIC Study, J Prim Health Care., 10, 81, 10.1071/HC17038 · DOI
  66. Jones, 2019, Longitudinal patterns of behavior, cognition, and quality of life after mild traumatic brain injury in children: BIONIC study findings, Brain Injury, 33, 884, 10.1080/02699052.2019.1606445 · DOI
  67. Anderson, 2011, Do children really recover better? Neurobehavioural plasticity after early brain insult, Brain., 134, 2197, 10.1093/brain/awr103 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Anderson, 2005, Functional plasticity or vulnerability after early brain injury?, Pediatrics., 116, 1374, 10.1542/peds.2004-1728 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Ewing-Cobbs, 1998, Academic achievement and academic placement following traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study, J Clin Exp Neuropsychol., 20, 769, 10.1076/jcen.20.6.769.1109 · DOI
  70. Prasad, 2017, Long-term school outcomes of children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury, J Head Trauma Rehabil., 32, E24, 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000218 · DOI
  71. Rowe, 2016, Aging with traumatic brain injury: effects of age at injury on behavioral outcome following diffuse brain injury in rats, Dev Neurosci, 38, 195, 10.1159/000446773 · DOI
  72. Fidan, 2016, Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in the developing brain: effects on long-term functional outcome and neuropathology, J Neurotrauma., 33, 641, 10.1089/neu.2015.3958 · DOI
  73. Kamper, 2013, Juvenile traumatic brain injury evolves into a chronic brain disorder: behavioral and histological changes over 6months, Exp Neurol., 250, 8, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.016 · DOI
  74. Huh, 2007, Chronic cognitive deficits and long-term histopathological alterations following contusive brain injury in the immature rat, J Neurotrauma., 24, 1460, 10.1089/neu.2006.3787 · DOI
  75. Raghupathi, 2007, Diffuse brain injury in the immature rat: evidence for an age-at-injury effect on cognitive function and histopathologic damage, J Neurotrauma., 24, 1596, 10.1089/neu.2007.3790 · DOI
  76. Adelson, 2000, Long-term dysfunction following diffuse traumatic brain injury in the immature rat, J Neurotrauma., 17, 273, 10.1089/neu.2000.17.273 · DOI
  77. Starkey, 2018, Post-concussive symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury during childhood and adolescence, Brain injury., 32, 617, 10.1080/02699052.2018.1439533 · DOI
  78. Tyburski, 2017, Frequent mild head injury promotes trigeminal sensitivity concomitant with microglial proliferation, astrocytosis, and increased neuropeptide levels in the trigeminal pain system, J Headache Pain., 18, 16, 10.1186/s10194-017-0726-1 · DOI
  79. Bree, 2018, Development of CGRP-dependent pain and headache related behaviours in a rat model of concussion: implications for mechanisms of post-traumatic headache, Cephalalgia., 38, 246, 10.1177/0333102416681571 · DOI
  80. Ferguson, 2021, Recovery from repeat mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats is dependent on pre-injury activity state, Front Neurol., 11, 616661, 10.3389/fneur.2020.616661 · DOI
  81. Li, 2013, The effect of pediatric traumatic brain injury on behavioral outcomes: a systematic review, Dev Med Child Neurol., 55, 37, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04414.x · DOI · Paper page
  82. Ryan, 2016, Social dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury: a translational perspective, Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 64, 196, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.020 · DOI
  83. Catroppa, 2008, Outcome and predictors of functional recovery 5 years following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), J Pediatr Psychol., 33, 707, 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn006 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Wade, 2015, Long-term behavioral outcomes after a randomized, clinical trial of counselor-assisted problem solving for adolescents with complicated mild-to-severe traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 32, 967, 10.1089/neu.2014.3684 · DOI
  85. Ilie, 2014, Suicidality, bullying and other conduct and mental health correlates of traumatic brain injury in adolescents, PLoS ONE., 9, e94936, 10.1371/journal.pone.0094936 · DOI
  86. Mychasiuk, 2014, Mean girls: sex differences in the effects of mild traumatic brain injury on the social dynamics of juvenile rat play behaviour, Behav Brain Res., 259, 284, 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.048 · DOI
  87. Shultz, 2012, Repeated mild lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat causes cumulative long-term behavioral impairments, neuroinflammation, and cortical loss in an animal model of repeated concussion, J Neurotrauma., 29, 281, 10.1089/neu.2011.2123 · DOI
  88. Guerri, 2010, Mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic, cognitive, and neurobehavioral effects of alcohol consumption during adolescence, Alcohol., 44, 15, 10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.10.003 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Chiu, 2012, Neural correlates of risky decision making in adolescents with and without traumatic brain injury using the balloon analog risk task, Dev Neuropsychol., 37, 176, 10.1080/87565641.2011.632796 · DOI
  90. Chen, 2012, Alcohol use at time of injury and survival following traumatic brain injury: results from the National Trauma Data Bank, J Stud Alcohol Drugs., 73, 531, 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.531 · doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.531
  91. Weil, 2017, Traumatic brain injuries during development: implications for alcohol abuse, Front Behav Neurosci., 11, 135, 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00135 · DOI
  92. Corrigan, 1995, Substance abuse as a mediating factor in outcome from traumatic brain injury, Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 76, 302, 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80654-7 · DOI · Paper page
  93. Pascual, 2017, Gender differences in the inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles induced by binge ethanol drinking in adolescence, Addict Biol., 22, 1829, 10.1111/adb.12461 · DOI
  94. Weil, 2016, Juvenile traumatic brain injury increases alcohol consumption and reward in female mice, J Neurotrauma., 33, 895, 10.1089/neu.2015.3953 · DOI
  95. McKinlay, 2009, Adolescent psychiatric symptoms following preschool childhood mild traumatic brain injury: evidence from a birth cohort, J Head Trauma Rehabil., 24, 221, 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181a40590 · DOI · Paper page
  96. Ilie, 2015, Substance use and related harms among adolescents with and without traumatic brain injury, J Head Trauma Rehabil., 30, 293, 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000101 · DOI
  97. Dunlop, 1991, Comparison of patients with and without emotional/behavioral deterioration during the first year after traumatic brain injury, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci., 3, 150, 10.1176/jnp.3.2.150 · DOI
  98. Ryan, 2014, Predictors of very-long-term sociocognitive function after pediatric traumatic brain injury: evidence for the vulnerability of the immature “social brain”, J Neurotrauma., 31, 649, 10.1089/neu.2013.3153 · DOI · Paper page
  99. Schmidt, 2010, Emotion recognition following pediatric traumatic brain injury: longitudinal analysis of emotional prosody and facial emotion recognition, Neuropsychologia., 48, 2869, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.029 · DOI
  100. Molliver, 1973, The development of synapses in cerebral cortex of the human fetus, Brain Res., 50, 403, 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90741-5 · DOI · Paper page
  101. Tierney, 2009, Brain development and the role of experience in the early years, Zero Three, 30, 9
  102. Aghajanian, 1967, The formation of synaptic junctions in developing rat brain: a quantitative electron microscopic study, Brain Res., 6, 716, 10.1016/0006-8993(67)90128-X · DOI · Paper page
  103. Huttenlocher, 1997, Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex, J Comp Neurol., 387, 167, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-z
  104. Neniskyte, 2017, Errant gardeners: glial-cell-dependent synaptic pruning and neurodevelopmental disorders, Nat Rev Neurosci., 18, 658, 10.1038/nrn.2017.110 · DOI · Paper page
  105. Mychasiuk, 2015, The development of lasting impairments: a mild pediatric brain injury alters gene expression, dendritic morphology, and synaptic connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of rats, Neuroscience., 288, 145, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.034 · DOI
  106. Lindsey, 2019, Longitudinal neuroimaging in pediatric traumatic brain injury: current state and consideration of factors that influence recovery, Front Neurol., 10, 1296, 10.3389/fneur.2019.01296 · DOI · Paper page
  107. Cazalis, 2011, Pivotal role of anterior cingulate cortex in working memory after traumatic brain injury in youth, Front Neurol., 1, 158, 10.3389/fneur.2010.00158 · DOI
  108. Nazian, 1980, Hypothalamic, pituitary, testicular, and secondary organ functions and interactions during the sexual maturation of the male rat, Arch Androl., 4, 283, 10.3109/01485018008986974 · doi:10.3109/01485018008986974
  109. Sizonenko, 1987, Normal sexual maturation, Pediatrician., 14, 191
  110. Giedd, 1999, Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study, Nat Neurosci., 2, 861, 10.1038/13158 · DOI · Paper page
  111. Spear, 2000, The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations, Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 24, 417, 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00014-2 · DOI · Paper page
  112. Cunningham, 2007, Pubertal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids increases spine densities on neurons in the limbic system of male rats, Neuroscience., 150, 609, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.038 · DOI
  113. Huffer, 1964, Psychological studies of adult male patients with sexual infantilism before and after androgen therapy, Ann Internal Med., 61, 255, 10.7326/0003-4819-61-2-255 · DOI
  114. Bobrow, 1971, Delayed puberty, eroticism, and sense of smell: A psychological study of hypogonadotropinism, osmatic and anosmatic (Kallmann's syndrome), Arch Sex Behav., 1, 329, 10.1007/BF01638061 · DOI
  115. Lewis, 1977, Idiopathic pubertal delay beyond age fifteen: psychologic study of twelve boys, Adolescence., 12, 1
  116. Schulz, 2004, Gonadal hormones masculinize and defeminize reproductive behaviors during puberty in the male Syrian hamster, Horm Behav., 45, 242, 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.12.007 · DOI · Paper page
  117. Hier, 1982, Spatial ability in androgen-deficient men, N Engl J Med, 306, 1202, 10.1056/NEJM198205203062003 · DOI · Paper page
  118. Lauzier, 2014, Clinical outcomes, predictors, and prevalence of anterior pituitary disorders following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review, Crit Care Med., 42, 712, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000046 · DOI · Paper page
  119. Wagner, 2010, Acute gonadotroph and somatotroph hormonal suppression after traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 27, 1007, 10.1089/neu.2009.1092 · DOI · Paper page
  120. Rose, 2012, Endocrine changes after pediatric traumatic brain injury, Pituitary., 15, 267, 10.1007/s11102-011-0360-x · DOI · Paper page
  121. Stabler, 1996, Evidence for social phobia and other psychiatric disorders in adults who were growth hormone deficient during childhood, Anxiety., 2, 86, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:2<86::AID-ANXI4>3.0.CO;2-B · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7154(1996)2:2<86::aid-anxi4>3.0.co;2-b
  122. Wamstad, 2013, Neuropsychological recovery and quality-of-life in children and adolescents with growth hormone deficiency following TBI: a preliminary study, Brain Injury., 27, 200, 10.3109/02699052.2012.672786 · DOI
  123. Rogol, 2019, Long-term endocrine consequences of traumatic brain injury in children, Eur J Endocrinol., 180, C5, 10.1530/EJE-19-0186 · DOI
  124. Simpson, 2017, What is known about sexual health after pediatric acquired brain injury: a scoping review, NeuroRehabilitation., 41, 261, 10.3233/NRE-172197 · DOI
  125. Snook, 2017, Association of concussion with abnormal menstrual patterns in adolescent and young women, JAMA Pediatr., 171, 879, 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1140 · DOI
  126. Cuesta, 2016, Symptoms of gonadal dysfunction are more predictive of hypopituitarism than nonspecific symptoms in screening for pituitary dysfunction following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, Clin Endocrinol., 84, 92, 10.1111/cen.12874 · DOI · Paper page
  127. Ewing-Cobbs, 2017, Altered stress system reactivity after pediatric injury: Relation with post-traumatic stress symptoms, Psychoneuroendocrinology., 84, 66, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.003 · DOI
  128. Anwer, 2019, Lateral fluid-percussion injury leads to pituitary atrophy in rats, Sci Rep., 9, 11819, 10.1038/s41598-019-48404-w · DOI
  129. Fortress, 2019, Experimental traumatic brain injury results in estrous cycle disruption, neurobehavioral deficits, and impaired GSK3β/β-catenin signaling in female rats, Exp Neurol., 315, 42, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.017 · DOI
  130. Lavrnja, 2014, Cortical ablation induces time-dependent changes in rat pituitary somatotrophs and upregulates growth hormone receptor expression in the injured cortex, J Neurosci Res., 92, 1338, 10.1002/jnr.23408 · DOI
  131. Bromberg, 2020, Sex-dependent pathology in the HPA axis at a sub-acute period after experimental traumatic brain injury, Front Neurol., 11, 946, 10.3389/fneur.2020.00946 · DOI
  132. Narla, 2019, CRF mediates stress-induced pathophysiological high-frequency oscillations in traumatic brain injury, eNeuro., 10.1523/ENEURO.0334-18.2019 · DOI
  133. Rowe, 2016, Diffuse traumatic brain injury affects chronic corticosterone function in the rat, Endocr Connect, 5, 152, 10.1530/EC-16-0031 · DOI · Paper page
  134. Greco, 2015, Adolescent TBI-induced hypopituitarism causes sexual dysfunction in adult male rats, Dev Neurobiol., 75, 193, 10.1002/dneu.22218 · DOI · Paper page
  135. Thurman, 2016, The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in children and youths: a review of research since 1990, J Child Neurol., 31, 20, 10.1177/0883073814544363 · DOI · Paper page
  136. Schallmo, 2017, Sport and sex-specific reporting trends in the epidemiology of concussions sustained by high school athletes, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 99, 1314, 10.2106/JBJS.16.01573 · DOI
  137. Iverson, 2017, Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review, Br J Sports Med., 51, 941, 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097729 · DOI · Paper page
  138. Espinoza, 2011, The role of progesterone in traumatic brain injury, J Head Trauma Rehabil., 26, 497, 10.1097/HTR.0b013e31823088fa · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e31823088fa
  139. Powers, 1985, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal dosage forms of 17 beta-estradiol: comparison with conventional oral estrogens used for hormone replacement, Am J Obstet Gynecol., 152, 1099, 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90569-1 · DOI · Paper page
  140. Alkayed, 2000, Neuroprotective effects of female gonadal steroids in reproductively senescent female rats, Stroke., 31, 161, 10.1161/01.STR.31.1.161 · DOI · Paper page
  141. Roof, 1993, Gender influences outcome of brain injury: progesterone plays a protective role, Brain Res., 607, 333, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91526-X · DOI · Paper page
  142. Khadr, 2010, Evaluation of pituitary function after traumatic brain injury in childhood, Clin Endocrinol., 73, 637, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03857.x · DOI · Paper page
  143. Moon, 2009, Growth monitoring following traumatic brain injury, Arch Dis Child., 94, 699, 10.1136/adc.2008.145235 · DOI
  144. Tandon, 2009, Assessment of endocrine abnormalities in severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective study, Acta Neurochir., 151, 1411, 10.1007/s00701-009-0444-9 · DOI
  145. Sankowski, 2015, Systemic inflammation and the brain: novel roles of genetic, molecular, and environmental cues as drivers of neurodegeneration, Front Cell Neurosci., 9, 28, 10.3389/fncel.2015.00028 · DOI · Paper page
  146. Claus, 2010, Age is a determinant of leukocyte infiltration and loss of cortical volume after traumatic brain injury, Dev Neurosci., 32, 454, 10.1159/000316805 · DOI
  147. Nasr, 2019, Neuroimmune responses in the developing brain following traumatic brain injury, Exp Neurol, 320, 112957, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112957 · DOI
  148. Wu, 2019, Repetitive head injury in adolescent mice: a role for vascular inflammation, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab., 39, 2196, 10.1177/0271678X18786633 · DOI
  149. Merkel, 2017, Adolescent traumatic brain injury induces chronic mesolimbic neuroinflammation with concurrent enhancement in the rewarding effects of cocaine in mice during adulthood, J Neurotrauma., 34, 165, 10.1089/neu.2015.4275 · DOI
  150. Johnson, 2013, Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury, Brain., 136, 28, 10.1093/brain/aws322 · DOI · Paper page
  151. Cabezas, 2014, Astrocytic modulation of blood brain barrier: perspectives on Parkinson's disease, Front Cell Neurosci., 8, 211, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00211 · DOI · Paper page
  152. Alvarez, 2013, Glial influence on the blood brain barrier, Glia., 61, 1939, 10.1002/glia.22575 · DOI · Paper page
  153. Rodríguez-Arias, 2017, Effects of repeated social defeat on adolescent mice on cocaine-induced CPP and self-administration in adulthood: integrity of the blood-brain barrier, Addict Biol., 22, 129, 10.1111/adb.12301 · DOI
  154. Tian, 2009, Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency leads to prolonged foreign body response in the brain associated with increased IL-1beta levels and leakage of the blood-brain barrier, Matrix Biol., 28, 148, 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.02.002 · DOI
  155. Rodríguez-Arias, 2018, Social stress during adolescence activates long-term microglia inflammation insult in reward processing nuclei, PLoS ONE., 13, e0206421, 10.1371/journal.pone.0206421 · DOI
  156. Twilt, 2014, Childhood inflammatory brain diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, Rheumatology., 53, 1359, 10.1093/rheumatology/ket398 · DOI
  157. Elbers, 2010, Brain biopsy in children with primary small-vessel central nervous system vasculitis, Ann Neurol., 68, 602, 10.1002/ana.22075 · doi:10.1002/ana.22075
  158. Patel, 2003, Age dependence of seizure-induced oxidative stress, Neuroscience., 118, 431, 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00979-X · DOI
  159. Chauhan, 2014, Chronic neurodegenerative consequences of traumatic brain injury, Restor Neurol Neurosci., 32, 337, 10.3233/RNN-130354 · DOI
  160. Cruz-Haces, 2017, Pathological correlations between traumatic brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Transl Neurodegener., 6, 20, 10.1186/s40035-017-0088-2 · DOI
  161. Esopenko, 2015, Aging, neurodegenerative disease, and traumatic brain injury: the role of neuroimaging, J Neurotrauma., 32, 209, 10.1089/neu.2014.3506 · DOI
  162. Taylor, 2015, Exercise preconditioning improves traumatic brain injury outcomes, Brain Res., 1622, 414, 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.009 · DOI
  163. Zhao, 2015, Voluntary exercise preconditioning activates multiple antiapoptotic mechanisms and improves neurological recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma., 32, 1347, 10.1089/neu.2014.3739 · DOI

Cited by

See all 62

Metadata

Authors
Serpa, R. O., Ferguson, L., Larson, C., Bailard, J., Cooke, S., Greco, T., & Prins, M. L.
Venue
Frontiers in Neurology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-07-15
Volume
12
ISSN
1664-2295
DOI
10.3389/fneur.2021.696510
Cited by
62
References
34
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
National Institutes of Health

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.