Neurocognitive Development of Risk Aversion from Early Childhood to Adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Human adults tend to avoid risk. In behavioral economic studies, risk aversion is manifest as a preference for sure gains over uncertain gains. However, children tend to be less averse to risk than adults. Given that many of the brain regions supporting decision-making under risk do not reach maturity until late adolescence or beyond it is possible that mature risk-averse behavior may emerge from the development of decision-making circuitry. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 5- to 8-year-old children, 14- to 16-year-old adolescents, and young adults in a risky-decision task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition. To our knowledge, this is the youngest sample of children in an fMRI decision-making task. We found a number of decision-related brain regions to increase in activation with age during decision-making, including areas associated with contextual memory retrieval and the incorporation of prior outcomes into the current decision-making strategy, e.g., insula, hippocampus, and amygdala. Further, children who were more risk-averse showed increased activation during decision-making in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Our findings indicate that the emergence of adult levels of risk aversion co-occurs with the recruitment of regions supporting decision-making under risk, including the integration of prior outcomes into current decision-making behavior. This pattern of results suggests that individual differences in the development of risk aversion may reflect differences in the maturation of these neural processes.
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Only a handful of studies have explored age differences in brain activity during a risk-taking task, and evidence for mutual involvement of both lateral prefrontal cortex and striatum during risky decision making is scarce.
“Only a handful of studies (see table 1) have explored age differences in brain activity during the performance of a risk-taking task [97, 101–105], and evidence for mutual involvement of both the IPFC and striatum during risky decision making is scarce.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Paulsen, D. J., Carter, R. M., Platt, M. L., Huettel, S. A., & Brannon, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Paulsen, David J.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 178-178
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3250075
- OpenAlex
- W2032542549
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC1MH088680, RC1-088680)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- risk aversion, neurocognitive development, risky decision making, children, adolescents, young adults, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, insula, hippocampus, amygdala, brain maturation, individual differences
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