Cited by 600Advanced Glycation End Products researchImmune Response and InflammationBiomarkers in Disease Mechanisms

High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity

Bianchi, Marco E., Manfredi, Angelo A.·2007·Immunological Reviews

Abstract

Summary: Tissue damage occurs often in the life of mammals and is usually repaired. Dying cells are swiftly phagocytosed, but before disappearing, they alert surrounding cells to activate homeostatic programs. They release signals that recruit inflammatory cells to the site of injury, promote cell migration and cell division to replace dead cells, and activate the immune system in anticipation of microbial invasion. Many of these events involve high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a nuclear protein that is released passively when necrotic cells lose the integrity of their membranes. HMGB1 behaves as a trigger of inflammation, attracting inflammatory cells, and of tissue repair, recruiting stem cells and promoting their proliferation. Moreover, HMGB1 activates dendritic cells (DCs) and promotes their functional maturation and their response to lymph node chemokines. Activated leukocytes actively secrete HMGB1 in the microenvironment. Thus, HMGB1 acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion and sustains long‐term repair and defense programs. DCs secrete HMGB1 several hours after contact with the first maturation stimulus; HMGB1 secretion is critical for their ability to reach the lymph nodes, to sustain the proliferation of antigen‐specific T cells, to prevent their activation‐dependent apoptosis, and to promote their polarization towards a T‐helper 1 phenotype. These immune responses will also be directed against self‐antigens that DCs process at the time of injury and can lead to autoimmunity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00574.x

Cites

86 of 86 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Pattern recognition receptors on or within dendritic cells include signaling receptors that stimulate post-uptake reactions, such as toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and RIG1-like helicases.

    “Moreover, PRR present on or within DC include a group of signaling receptors that stimulate the post uptake reactions (including toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and RIG1-like helicases)52,107.”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [52]

  • Heat shock proteins exposed on or released by tumor cells may act on multiple receptors including CD91, scavenger receptors, TLR2 and TLR4.

    “Similarly, HSPs exposed on or released by tumor cells may act on multiple receptors including CD91, scavenger receptors, TLR2 and TLR4 52.”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [52]

  • HMGB1 may act on RAGE and possibly on TLR2 and TLR4, although the TLR action is controversial.

    “Thus, HMGB1 may act on the receptor for advanced glycated endproducts (RAGEs) and possibly the toll-like receptors (TLRs) including TLR2 and TLR4 51,52, although the latter are controversial 53.”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors
Bianchi, M. E., & Manfredi, A. A.
Affiliations
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
Corresponding author
Bianchi, Marco E.
Venue
Immunological Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-10-30
Volume
220
Issue
1
Pages
35-46
ISSN
  • 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-065X
OpenAlex
W2109590683
Cited by
600
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 45
FWCI
5.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
Funders
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Keywords
HMGB1, high mobility group box 1, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, dendritic cell maturation, T cell activation, autoimmunity, necrosis, chemokines, stem cell recruitment, autocrine and paracrine signaling
MeSH terms
Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, T-Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity, Sepsis, HMGB1 Protein, Toll-Like Receptors

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