Cited by 386Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

The pro-remyelination properties of microglia in the central nervous system

Open access
Lloyd, Amy F., Miron, Veronique E.·2019·Nature Reviews Neurology

Abstract

Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are involved in its development, homeostasis and response to infection and damage. Microglial activation is a common feature of neurological disorders, and although in some instances this activation can be damaging, protective and regenerative functions of microglia have been revealed. The most prominent example of the regenerative functions is a role for microglia in supporting regeneration of myelin after injury, a process that is critical for axonal health and relevant to numerous disorders in which loss of myelin integrity is a prevalent feature, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and motor neuron disease. Although drugs that are intended to promote remyelination are entering clinical trials, the mechanisms by which remyelination is controlled and how microglia are involved are not completely understood. In this Review, we discuss work that has identified novel regulators of microglial activation - including molecular drivers, population heterogeneity and turnover - that might influence their pro-remyelination capacity. We also discuss therapeutic targeting of microglia as a potential approach to promoting remyelination.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41582-019-0184-2

Cites

148 of 148 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Efficient clearance of myelin debris after demyelination can favorably impact OPC recruitment and differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes.

    “Efficient clearance of myelin debris after demyelination can favorably impact OPC recruitment and differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes [29].”

    From TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis (2020) · cites this paper as [29]

    The available passages contain bibliographic details and the review’s title, but no discussion of myelin-debris clearance or its effects on OPC recruitment and differentiation. Searches for those terms and for phagocytosis found no passage addressing the claim, so our copy cannot verify it. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Microglia activation and myelin debris clearance are critical steps for successful remyelination.

    “Microglia activation and myelin debris clearance are critical steps for successful remyelination [29].”

    From TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis (2020) · cites this paper as [29]

    The available copy identifies the review as concerning the pro-remyelination properties of microglia, but the retrieved passages are bibliographic information rather than discussion of the proposed steps. Searches for microglial activation and myelin debris clearance found no passage establishing that either is critical for successful remyelination. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Microglia drive a critical response to demyelination by clearing myelin debris and enabling newly formed oligodendrocytes to remyelinate denuded axons.

    “Microglia drive a critical response to demyelination by clearing myelin debris and enabling newly formed oligodendrocytes to remyelinate denuded axons (8).”

    From Peroxisomal integrity in demyelination-associated microglia enables cellular debris clearance and myelin renewal in mice (2026) · cites this paper as [8]

    The available copy contains bibliographic records, including the title in the “2 Finished” section (page unavailable), but no substantive passage about microglial clearance of myelin debris or oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination. Searches for those processes returned only bibliographic text, so the claim cannot be verified from our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lloyd, A. F., & Miron, V. E.
Affiliations
Multiple Sclerosis Society (GB)
Venue
Nature Reviews Neurology
Published
2019-06-29
Volume
15
Issue
8
Pages
447-458
ISSN
  • 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-4766
OpenAlex
W2954946400
Cited by
381
References
148
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 11
FWCI
4.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Action Medical Research
  • Medical Research Council (MR/M020827/1, MR/N022556/1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
microglia, remyelination, microglial activation, demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, microglial heterogeneity
MeSH terms
Remyelination, Aging, Animals, Central Nervous System, Demyelinating Diseases, Homeostasis, Humans, Macrophage Activation, Microglia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review